EDP Sciences
1779681219
20260525
fre
laboutique.edpsciences.fr-002110
03
01
01
002110
03
9782759826476
15
9782759826476
00
BA
02
160
mm
01
240
mm
10
01
02
IOGS - Institut d'Optique Graduate School Textbook
Cette collection, réalisée en partenariat avec l'Institut d'Optique Graduate School (Paris Saclay), est destinée aux étudiants ingénieurs et aux chercheurs dans le domaine de l'optique.
01
01
Optical models for material appearance
1
A01
01
A2071
Mathieu Hébert
Hébert, Mathieu
Mathieu
Hébert
<p>Mathieu HÉBERT est depuis 2010 professeur assistant à l'Institut d'Optique Graduate School et au Laboratoire Hubert Curien à Saint-Etienne. Il est également depuis 2015 responsable de programme d'un master dédié à l'imagerie avancée et à l'apparence des matériaux à l'Université Jean Monnet de Saint-Étienne, et depuis 2019 directeur du groupement de recherche 'Appamat' du Centre national de la recherche scientifique (CNRS) dédié aux sciences de l'apparence des matériaux.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:0cm;line-height:normal;mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:none"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:MilibusRg-Regular;mso-bidi-font-family:MilibusRg-Regular;mso-ansi-language:EN-US">Mathieu HÉBERT </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:MilibusLt-Regular;mso-bidi-font-family:MilibusLt-Regular;mso-ansi-language:EN-US">is since 2010 professor assistant at Institut d’OptiqueGraduate School and Hubert Curien Laboratory in Saint-Etienne, France. He isalso since 2015 head of program of a master dedicated to advanced imaging andmaterial appearance at the University Jean Monnet of Saint-Etienne, and since2019 director of the grouping of research ‘Appamat’ of the French NationalCentre for Scientific Research (CNRS) dedicated to material appearancesciences.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
01
eng
00
260
03
01
24
Izibook:Subject
Ondes / optique
24
Izibook:SubjectAndCategoryAndTags
|Ondes / optique|
20
optics;material appearance;imaging systems;visual rendering software;color analysis;gloss analysis;product compliance;virtual prototype;optical;radiometric quantities;optics-based predictive models;materials;structures
10
2011
BISACSCI053000
01
530
05
06
06
03
00
Material appearance has emerged as a scientific topic in its own right rather recently and an increasing number of professionals concerned by this topic, belonging to various application areas, are entering this vast field. Thanks to the rise of imaging systems and visual rendering software, and the rapid development of accessible devices for color and gloss analysis, non-expert people can now check, for example, the compliance of a product with an appearance standard, or create a realistic virtual prototype. Most of these tools are based on optical concepts which are generally not in the forefront at an elementary level usage, but which are necessary for a consistent analysis of the specific cases studied. The objective of this book is precisely to introduce the fundamental notions of optics allowing the readers to understand the radiometric quantities measured with common devices, to learn how to analyze them, and to review some classical optics-based predictive models for various types of materials and structures. We have chosen to illustrate the theoretical notions with numerous examples and corrected exercises, easily transposable to a variety of materials: glass plates, polymer films, pigment layers, metals, papers and printed surfaces, coatings, etc. The book targets an audience of students, engineers and researchers who have a scientific background but not necessarily versed in optics, who are seeking sound bases in order to characterize the appearance of products and better comprehend the more advanced research currently being conducted in this area.
02
00
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:0cm;line-height:normal;mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:none"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:MilibusLt-Regular;mso-bidi-font-family:MilibusLt-Regular;mso-ansi-language:EN-US">This book is an introduction to the fundamental notions of optics whichallows to understand the radiometric quantities measured with common devices, tolearn how to analyze them, and to review some classical optics-based predictivemodels for various types of materials and structures.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
04
00
<div class="WordSection1"><p class="MsoBodyText"><span lang="EN-US" style="color: rgb(35, 31, 32);">The</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: rgb(35, 31, 32); letter-spacing: -0.1pt;"> Author</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; color: rgb(35, 31, 32);">......................................................................................................................... </span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: rgb(35, 31, 32);"><span style="letter-spacing: -0.25pt;">III</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.333333px;"><br></span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: rgb(35, 31, 32); letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">Preface</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; color: rgb(35, 31, 32);">...................................................................................................................................</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: rgb(35, 31, 32); letter-spacing: -0.5pt;">V <br></span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: rgb(35, 31, 32); letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">Foreword</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; color: rgb(35, 31, 32);">........................................................................................................................... </span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: rgb(35, 31, 32); letter-spacing: -0.25pt;">VII</span></p><p class="MsoBodyText" style="margin-top:11.55pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:0cm;margin-left:5.1pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt"><span style="mso-ignore:vglayout;position:absolute;z-index:15729152;left:0px;margin-left:88px;margin-top:198px;width:595px;height:1px"><img width="476" height="1" src="file:///C:/Users/igarric/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image001.gif" v:shapes="docshape2"></span><span lang="EN-US"><font color="#231f20">CHAPTER</font><span style="color: rgb(35, 31, 32); letter-spacing: 1.05pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.5pt;"><font color="#231f20">2</font> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: rgb(35, 31, 32);">Spectral</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: rgb(35, 31, 32); letter-spacing: -0.25pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: rgb(35, 31, 32);">Radiometry<span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt"> </span>of</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: rgb(35, 31, 32); letter-spacing: -0.2pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: rgb(35, 31, 32); letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">Surfaces</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; color: rgb(35, 31, 32);">.................................................................................... </span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: rgb(35, 31, 32); letter-spacing: -0.25pt;">29</span></p><p class="MsoBodyText" style="margin-top:12.15pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:0cm;margin-left:5.1pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt"><span lang="EN-US" style="color: rgb(35, 31, 32); letter-spacing: -0.25pt;"><br></span></p><p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-top:.25pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:0cm;margin-left:32.7pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-indent:-27.65pt;mso-list:l2 level2 lfo7;tab-stops:32.7pt 32.75pt right dotted 362.25pt"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:81%">2.1<span style="font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:90%">Types</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:.15pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:90%">of</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:.25pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:90%">Reflecting</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:.25pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.1pt;mso-font-width:90%">Surfaces</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;mso-hansi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";mso-bidi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";color:#231F20">............................................................................... </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.25pt">30</span></p><p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-top:.25pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:0cm;margin-left:32.7pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-indent:-27.65pt;mso-list:l2 level2 lfo7;tab-stops:32.7pt 32.75pt right dotted 362.25pt"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.25pt"><br></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-top:.15pt;mso-list:l2 level3 lfo7;tab-stops:63.5pt 63.55pt right dotted 362.25pt"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:81%">2.1.1<span style="font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:85%">Mirrors</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:.4pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:85%">and</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:.45pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:85%">Specular</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:.45pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.1pt;mso-font-width:85%">Reflectors</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;mso-hansi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";mso-bidi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";color:#231F20">............................................................... </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.25pt;mso-font-width:95%">30</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoListParagraph"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:81%">2.1.2<span style="font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:90%">Very<span style="letter-spacing:-.25pt"> </span>Matte<span style="letter-spacing:-.25pt"></span>Surfaces:<span style="letter-spacing:-.25pt"> </span>Lambertian<span style="letter-spacing: -0.333333px;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">Reflectors</span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;mso-hansi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";mso-bidi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";color:#231F20">........................................ </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.25pt">30</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-top:.25pt;mso-list:l2 level3 lfo7;tab-stops:63.5pt 63.55pt right dotted 362.25pt"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:81%">2.1.3<span style="font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:85%">Intermediate</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:2.05pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.1pt;mso-font-width:90%">Cases</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;mso-hansi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";mso-bidi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";color:#231F20">.................................................................................... </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.25pt;mso-font-width:95%">31</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-top:1.6pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:0cm;margin-left:32.7pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-indent:-27.65pt;mso-list:l2 level2 lfo7;tab-stops:32.7pt 32.75pt right dotted 362.25pt"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:81%">2.2<span style="font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.1pt;mso-font-width:90%">Light</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.1pt"> Transmission</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.05pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.1pt;mso-font-width:90%">Through</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20"> <span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt;mso-font-width:90%">Objects</span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;mso-hansi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";mso-bidi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";color:#231F20">................................................................. </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.25pt;mso-font-width:95%">31</span></p><p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-top:1.6pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:0cm;margin-left:32.7pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-indent:-27.65pt;mso-list:l2 level2 lfo7;tab-stops:32.7pt 32.75pt right dotted 362.25pt"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.25pt;mso-font-width:95%"><br></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-left:32.7pt;text-indent:-27.65pt;mso-list:l2 level2 lfo7;tab-stops:32.7pt 32.75pt right dotted 362.25pt"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:81%">2.3<span style="font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:85%">Angular</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:1.15pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:85%">Spectral</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:1.15pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:85%">Reflectance</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:1.1pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:85%">and</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:1.2pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.1pt;mso-font-width:85%">Transmittance</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;mso-hansi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";mso-bidi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";color:#231F20">.............................................. </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.25pt;mso-font-width:95%">32</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt"><o:p></o:p></span></p></div><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:0cm;line-height:normal;mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:none"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Bookman Old Style",serif;mso-fareast-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";mso-bidi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";mso-ansi-language:EN-US;mso-fareast-language:EN-US;mso-bidi-language:AR-SA"><br clear="all" style="page-break-before:always;mso-break-type:section-break"></span></p><div class="WordSection2"><p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-top:4.15pt;margin-right:6.0pt;margin-bottom:0cm;margin-left:32.7pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-indent:-27.65pt;line-height:100%;mso-list:l2 level2 lfo7;tab-stops:32.7pt 32.75pt dotted 352.3pt"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;line-height:100%;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:81%">2.4<span style="font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;line-height:100%;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:90%">Bi-DirectionalReflectance/Transmittance Distribution Function </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;line-height:100%;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.1pt">(BRDF/BTDF)</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;line-height:100%;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;mso-hansi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";mso-bidi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";color:#231F20"> ...</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;line-height:100%;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.5pt;mso-font-width:85%">33</span></p><p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-top:4.15pt;margin-right:6.0pt;margin-bottom:0cm;margin-left:32.7pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-indent:-27.65pt;line-height:100%;mso-list:l2 level2 lfo7;tab-stops:32.7pt 32.75pt dotted 352.3pt"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;line-height:100%;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.5pt;mso-font-width:85%"><br></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;line-height:100%"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-top:.15pt;mso-list:l2 level3 lfo7;tab-stops:63.5pt 63.55pt dotted 352.3pt"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:81%">2.4.1<span style="font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.1pt;mso-font-width:95%">Definition</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;mso-hansi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";mso-bidi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";color:#231F20">...................................................................................................... </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.25pt;mso-font-width:95%">33</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoListParagraph"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:81%">2.4.2<span style="font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:90%">BRDF</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.25pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:90%">of</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:.55pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:90%">Some</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:.5pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:90%">Typical</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:.5pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.1pt;mso-font-width:90%">Reflectors</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;mso-hansi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";mso-bidi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";color:#231F20">.......................................................... </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.25pt">34</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-top:.25pt;mso-list:l2 level3 lfo7;tab-stops:63.5pt 63.55pt dotted 352.3pt"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:81%">2.4.3<span style="font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:90%">Lambert</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;mso-bidi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";color:#231F20;mso-font-width:90%">’</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:90%">s</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.2pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:90%">Azimuthal</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.15pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:90%">Equal-Area</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.15pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.1pt;mso-font-width:90%">Projection</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;mso-bidi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";color:#231F20">........................................ </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.25pt">35</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoListParagraph"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:81%">2.4.4<span style="font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:90%">BRDF</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.15pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:90%">Measurement</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.2pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.1pt;mso-font-width:90%">Systems</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;mso-hansi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";mso-bidi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";color:#231F20">.................................................................. </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.25pt;mso-font-width:95%">36</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-top:.25pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:0cm;margin-left:32.7pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-indent:-27.65pt;mso-list:l2 level2 lfo7;tab-stops:32.7pt 32.75pt dotted 352.3pt"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:81%">2.5<span style="font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:85%">Spectral</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:1.15pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:85%">Reflectance</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:1.05pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:85%">and</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:1.1pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:85%">Transmittance</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:1.05pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.1pt;mso-font-width:85%">Factors</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;mso-hansi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";mso-bidi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";color:#231F20">............................................... </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.25pt;mso-font-width:95%">37</span></p><p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-top:.25pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:0cm;margin-left:32.7pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-indent:-27.65pt;mso-list:l2 level2 lfo7;tab-stops:32.7pt 32.75pt dotted 352.3pt"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.25pt;mso-font-width:95%"><br></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoListParagraph"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:81%">2.5.1<span style="font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:85%">Reflectance,</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:1.65pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.1pt;mso-font-width:95%">Transmittance</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;mso-hansi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";mso-bidi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";color:#231F20">...................................................................... </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.25pt;mso-font-width:95%">37</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-top:.25pt;mso-list:l2 level3 lfo7;tab-stops:63.5pt 63.55pt dotted 352.3pt"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:81%">2.5.2<span style="font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:85%">Spectral</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:2.25pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:85%">Reflectance/Transmittance</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:2.3pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.1pt;mso-font-width:85%">Factor</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;mso-hansi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";mso-bidi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";color:#231F20">........................................... </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.25pt;mso-font-width:95%">38</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-top:.15pt;mso-list:l2 level3 lfo7;tab-stops:63.5pt 63.55pt dotted 352.3pt"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:81%">2.5.3<span style="font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:85%">Spectral</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:1.2pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:85%">Radiance</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:1.2pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.1pt;mso-font-width:85%">Factor</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;mso-hansi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";mso-bidi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";color:#231F20">........................................................................... </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.25pt;mso-font-width:95%">39</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-top:.25pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:0cm;margin-left:32.7pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-indent:-27.65pt;mso-list:l2 level2 lfo7;tab-stops:32.7pt 32.75pt dotted 352.3pt"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:81%">2.6<span style="font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:85%">Geometries</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:.85pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:85%">and</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:.85pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:85%">Devices</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:.9pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:85%">for</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:.8pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:85%">the</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:.8pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:85%">Measurement</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:.8pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:85%">of</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:.85pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:85%">Reflectance</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:.75pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.1pt;mso-font-width:85%">Factors</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;mso-hansi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";mso-bidi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";color:#231F20">........... </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.25pt;mso-font-width:95%">39</span></p><p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-top:.25pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:0cm;margin-left:32.7pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-indent:-27.65pt;mso-list:l2 level2 lfo7;tab-stops:32.7pt 32.75pt dotted 352.3pt"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.25pt;mso-font-width:95%"><br></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoListParagraph"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:81%">2.6.1<span style="font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:90%">Nicodemus</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;mso-bidi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";color:#231F20;mso-font-width:90%">’<span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:90%">Nomenclature<span style="letter-spacing:-.35pt"> </span>for<span style="letter-spacing:-.35pt"> </span>Nine<span style="letter-spacing:-.45pt"> </span>Reflectance<span style="letter-spacing:-.4pt"> </span><span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">Factors</span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;mso-bidi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";color:#231F20">.................... </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.25pt;mso-font-width:95%">40</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-top:.25pt;mso-list:l2 level3 lfo7;tab-stops:63.5pt 63.55pt dotted 352.3pt"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:81%">2.6.2<span style="font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:85%">Geometries</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:1.45pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:85%">Using</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:1.45pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:85%">Integrating</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:1.35pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.1pt;mso-font-width:85%">Spheres</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;mso-hansi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";mso-bidi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";color:#231F20">..................................................... </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.25pt;mso-font-width:95%">41</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoListParagraph"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:81%">2.6.3<span style="font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.1pt;mso-font-width:90%">Bidirectional</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.05pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.1pt;mso-font-width:90%">and</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.1pt"> Annular</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.05pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.1pt;mso-font-width:90%">Geometries</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;mso-hansi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";mso-bidi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";color:#231F20">.................................................. </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.25pt;mso-font-width:95%">43</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-top:.25pt;mso-list:l2 level3 lfo7;tab-stops:63.5pt 63.55pt dotted 352.3pt"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:81%">2.6.4<span style="font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:85%">Effective</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:1.15pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:85%">Measurement</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:1.15pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.1pt;mso-font-width:85%">Geometry</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;mso-hansi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";mso-bidi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";color:#231F20">.............................................................. </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.25pt;mso-font-width:95%">43</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-left:32.7pt;text-indent:-27.65pt;mso-list:l2 level2 lfo7;tab-stops:32.7pt 32.75pt dotted 352.3pt"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:81%">2.7<span style="font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:85%">Surface</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:.85pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:85%">Distribution</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:.9pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.1pt;mso-font-width:85%">Functions</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;mso-hansi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";mso-bidi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";color:#231F20">............................................................................... </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.25pt;mso-font-width:95%">45</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-top:.25pt;mso-list:l2 level3 lfo7;tab-stops:63.5pt 63.55pt"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:81%">2.7.1<span style="font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:85%">Bidirectional</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:1.65pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:85%">Scattering-Surface</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:1.55pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:85%">Reflectance</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:1.65pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.1pt;mso-font-width:85%">Distribution</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 10pt; letter-spacing: -0.1pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: rgb(35, 31, 32);">Function</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: rgb(35, 31, 32); letter-spacing: 0.6pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: rgb(35, 31, 32); letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">(BSSRDF)</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; color: rgb(35, 31, 32);">................................... </span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: rgb(35, 31, 32); letter-spacing: -0.25pt;">45</span></p><p class="MsoListParagraph"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:81%">2.7.2<span style="font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:90%">Point<span style="letter-spacing:-.5pt"> </span>Spread<span style="letter-spacing:-.4pt"> </span>Function<span style="letter-spacing:-.45pt"> </span><span style="letter-spacing:-.2pt">(PSF)</span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;mso-hansi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";mso-bidi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";color:#231F20">.................................................................... </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.25pt">46</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoBodyText" style="margin-top:12.15pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:0cm;margin-left:5.1pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;tab-stops:362.25pt"><u><span lang="EN-US" style="color:#231F20">CHAPTER<span style="letter-spacing:.95pt"> </span><span style="letter-spacing:-.5pt">3</span> </span></u><span lang="EN-US" style="color: rgb(35, 31, 32);">Visual<span style="letter-spacing:-.25pt"> </span>Characterization<span style="letter-spacing:-.2pt"> </span>of<span style="letter-spacing:-.25pt"> </span><span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">Surfaces</span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; color: rgb(35, 31, 32);">............................................................................... </span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: rgb(35, 31, 32); letter-spacing: -0.25pt;">49</span></p><p class="MsoBodyText" style="margin-top:12.15pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:0cm;margin-left:5.1pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;tab-stops:362.25pt"><span lang="EN-US" style="color: rgb(35, 31, 32); letter-spacing: -0.25pt;"><br></span></p><p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-left:32.7pt;text-indent:-27.65pt;mso-list:l7 level2 lfo6;tab-stops:32.7pt 32.75pt dotted 352.3pt"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:81%">3.1<span style="font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:90%">Color</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.3pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:90%">and</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.25pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.1pt;mso-font-width:90%">Colorimetry</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;mso-hansi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";mso-bidi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";color:#231F20">........................................................................................... </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.25pt">51</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoListParagraph"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:81%">3.1.1<span style="font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:95%">A</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.1pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:95%">Relative</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.15pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.1pt;mso-font-width:95%">Perception</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;mso-hansi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";mso-bidi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";color:#231F20">............................................................................... </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.25pt">51</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-top:.25pt;mso-list:l7 level3 lfo6;tab-stops:63.5pt 63.55pt dotted 352.3pt"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:81%">3.1.2<span style="font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:90%">Color</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.25pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:90%">Mixing</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.25pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:90%">and</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.25pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:90%">Early</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.25pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:90%">Color</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.2pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:90%">Representation</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.25pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.1pt;mso-font-width:90%">Systems</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;mso-hansi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";mso-bidi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";color:#231F20">..................... </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.25pt">53</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoListParagraph"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:81%">3.1.3<span style="font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.1pt;mso-font-width:95%">Trichromacy</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;mso-hansi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";mso-bidi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";color:#231F20">................................................................................................ </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.25pt;mso-font-width:95%">56</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoListParagraph"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:81%">3.1.4<span style="font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:95%">CIE<span style="letter-spacing:-.45pt"> </span>1931<span style="letter-spacing:-.45pt"> </span>RGB<span style="letter-spacing:-.45pt"> </span>and<span style="letter-spacing:-.55pt"> </span>XYZ<span style="letter-spacing:-.45pt"> </span>Color<span style="letter-spacing:-.45pt"></span><span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">Spaces</span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;mso-hansi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";mso-bidi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";color:#231F20">................................................ </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.25pt">57</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-top:.25pt;mso-list:l7 level3 lfo6;tab-stops:63.5pt 63.55pt dotted 352.3pt"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:81%">3.1.5<span style="font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:90%">CIE<span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt"> </span>1931<span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt"> </span>Chromaticity<span style="letter-spacing:-.15pt"> </span><span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">Diagram</span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;mso-hansi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";mso-bidi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";color:#231F20">............................................................ </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.25pt">59</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoListParagraph"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:81%">3.1.6<span style="font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:90%">Color<span style="letter-spacing:-.2pt"> </span>of<span style="letter-spacing:-.15pt"> </span>Light<span style="letter-spacing:-.15pt"> </span>Sources<span style="letter-spacing:-.15pt"></span>and<span style="letter-spacing:-.25pt"> </span><span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">Illuminants</span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;mso-hansi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";mso-bidi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";color:#231F20">................................................. </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.25pt;mso-font-width:95%">61</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-top:.25pt;mso-list:l7 level3 lfo6;tab-stops:63.5pt 63.55pt dotted 352.3pt"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:81%">3.1.7<span style="font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:90%">CIE</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20"> 1976 L*a*b*Color<span style="letter-spacing:-.05pt"></span>Space<span style="letter-spacing:-.05pt"> </span>and<span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt"> </span>Color<span style="letter-spacing:-.05pt"> </span>Appearance<span style="letter-spacing:.05pt"> </span><span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt;mso-font-width:90%">Models</span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;mso-hansi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";mso-bidi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";color:#231F20">......... </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.25pt">62</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-top:.15pt;mso-list:l7 level3 lfo6;tab-stops:63.5pt 63.55pt dotted 352.3pt"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:81%">3.1.8<span style="font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:90%">Von</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.25pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:90%">Kries</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.25pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:90%">Chromatic</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.25pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.1pt;mso-font-width:90%">Adaptation</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;mso-hansi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";mso-bidi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";color:#231F20">............................................................ </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.25pt">66</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-top:.25pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:0cm;margin-left:32.7pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-indent:-27.65pt;mso-list:l7 level2 lfo6;tab-stops:32.7pt 32.75pt dotted 352.3pt"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:81%">3.2<span style="font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:90%">Color<span style="letter-spacing:-.5pt"> </span>Measurement<span style="letter-spacing:-.4pt"> </span>and<span style="letter-spacing:-.45pt"> </span>Color<span style="letter-spacing:-.45pt"> </span><span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">Imaging</span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;mso-hansi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";mso-bidi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";color:#231F20">.............................................................. </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.25pt;mso-font-width:95%">67</span></p><p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-top:.25pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:0cm;margin-left:32.7pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-indent:-27.65pt;mso-list:l7 level2 lfo6;tab-stops:32.7pt 32.75pt dotted 352.3pt"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.25pt;mso-font-width:95%"><br></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoListParagraph"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:81%">3.2.1<span style="font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 10pt;"><font color="#231f20">Color</font><span style="color: rgb(35, 31, 32); letter-spacing: -0.25pt;"> </span><font color="#231f20">Characterization</font><span style="color: rgb(35, 31, 32); letter-spacing: -0.15pt;"> </span><font color="#231f20">of</font><span style="color: rgb(35, 31, 32); letter-spacing: -0.25pt;"> </span><font color="#231f20">a</font><span style="color: rgb(35, 31, 32); letter-spacing: -0.2pt;"> </span><font color="#231f20">Surface</font><span style="color: rgb(35, 31, 32); letter-spacing: -0.15pt;"></span><font color="#231f20">by</font><span style="color: rgb(35, 31, 32); letter-spacing: -0.25pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;"><font color="#231f20">Using</font> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: rgb(35, 31, 32);">a<span style="letter-spacing:-.3pt"> </span><span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">Spectrophotometer</span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; color: rgb(35, 31, 32);">.......................................... </span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: rgb(35, 31, 32); letter-spacing: -0.25pt;">67</span></p><p class="MsoListParagraph"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:81%">3.2.2<span style="font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.1pt;mso-font-width:95%">Metamerism</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;mso-hansi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";mso-bidi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";color:#231F20">................................................................................................. </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.25pt;mso-font-width:95%">69</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-top:.25pt;mso-list:l7 level3 lfo6;tab-stops:63.5pt 63.55pt dotted 352.3pt"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:81%">3.2.3<span style="font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:90%">Color<span style="letter-spacing:-.5pt"> </span>and<span style="letter-spacing:-.4pt"> </span>Spectral<span style="letter-spacing:-.4pt"> </span>Measurement<span style="letter-spacing:-.4pt"> </span>by<span style="letter-spacing:-.45pt"> </span>Imaging<span style="letter-spacing:-.45pt"> </span><span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">Techniques</span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;mso-hansi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";mso-bidi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";color:#231F20">................. </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.25pt;mso-font-width:95%">70</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoListParagraph"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:81%">3.2.4<span style="font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:90%">Measuring<span style="letter-spacing:-.35pt"> </span>the<span style="letter-spacing:-.3pt"> </span>Spectral<span style="letter-spacing:-.25pt"> </span>Response <span style="letter-spacing:-.3pt"></span>of<span style="letter-spacing:-.3pt"> </span>an<span style="letter-spacing:-.3pt"> </span>RGB<span style="letter-spacing:-.25pt"> </span><span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">Camera</span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;mso-hansi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";mso-bidi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";color:#231F20">........................ </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.25pt;mso-font-width:95%">73</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-top:.25pt;mso-list:l7 level3 lfo6;tab-stops:63.5pt 63.55pt dotted 352.3pt"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:81%">3.2.5<span style="font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:90%">Color</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:.05pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:90%">Calibration</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:.05pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:90%">of</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:.15pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:90%">an</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:.1pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:90%">RGB</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:.1pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:90%">Imaging</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:.15pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.1pt;mso-font-width:90%">System</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;mso-hansi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";mso-bidi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";color:#231F20">..................................... </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.25pt">74</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-top:.15pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:0cm;margin-left:32.7pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-indent:-27.65pt;mso-list:l7 level2 lfo6;tab-stops:32.7pt 32.75pt dotted 352.3pt"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:81%">3.3<span style="font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.1pt;mso-font-width:95%">Gloss</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;mso-hansi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";mso-bidi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";color:#231F20">.......................................................................................................................... </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.25pt;mso-font-width:95%">77</span></p><p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-top:.15pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:0cm;margin-left:32.7pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-indent:-27.65pt;mso-list:l7 level2 lfo6;tab-stops:32.7pt 32.75pt dotted 352.3pt"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.25pt;mso-font-width:95%"><br></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoListParagraph"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:81%">3.3.1<span style="font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:90%">Definition</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.2pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:90%">for</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.15pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.1pt;mso-font-width:90%">Gloss</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;mso-hansi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";mso-bidi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";color:#231F20">.................................................................................... </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.25pt;mso-font-width:95%">77</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-top:.25pt;mso-list:l7 level3 lfo6;tab-stops:63.5pt 63.55pt dotted 352.3pt"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:81%">3.3.2<span style="font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:85%">Gloss</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:.2pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.1pt;mso-font-width:95%">Measurement</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;mso-hansi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";mso-bidi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";color:#231F20">................................................................................... </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.25pt;mso-font-width:95%">78</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoBodyText" style="margin-top:12.1pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:0cm;margin-left:5.1pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;tab-stops:362.25pt"><u><span lang="EN-US" style="color:#231F20">CHAPTER<span style="letter-spacing:.95pt"> </span><span style="letter-spacing:-.5pt">4</span> </span></u><span lang="EN-US" style="color: rgb(35, 31, 32); letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">Plane</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: rgb(35, 31, 32); letter-spacing: -0.2pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: rgb(35, 31, 32); letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">Optical</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: rgb(35, 31, 32); letter-spacing: -0.1pt;"> Interfaces</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: rgb(35, 31, 32); letter-spacing: -0.15pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: rgb(35, 31, 32); letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">and</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: rgb(35, 31, 32); letter-spacing: -0.15pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: rgb(35, 31, 32); letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">Transparent</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: rgb(35, 31, 32); letter-spacing: -0.15pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: rgb(35, 31, 32); letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">Layers</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; color: rgb(35, 31, 32);">........................................................ </span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: rgb(35, 31, 32); letter-spacing: -0.25pt;">81</span></p><p class="MsoBodyText" style="margin-top:12.1pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:0cm;margin-left:5.1pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;tab-stops:362.25pt"><span lang="EN-US" style="color: rgb(35, 31, 32); letter-spacing: -0.25pt;"><br></span></p><p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-left:32.7pt;text-indent:-27.65pt;mso-list:l0 level2 lfo5;tab-stops:32.7pt 32.75pt dotted 352.3pt"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:81%">4.1<span style="font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:85%">Radiance</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:.7pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:85%">Reflection</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:.8pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:85%">and</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:.7pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:85%">Transmission</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:.75pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:85%">at</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:.65pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:85%">an</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:.75pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.1pt;mso-font-width:85%">Interface</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;mso-hansi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";mso-bidi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";color:#231F20">...................................... </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.25pt;mso-font-width:95%">82</span></p></div><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:0cm;line-height:normal;mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:none"></p><div class="WordSection3"><p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-top:4.15pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:0cm;margin-left:32.7pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-indent:-27.65pt;mso-list:l0 level2 lfo5;tab-stops:32.7pt 32.75pt right dotted 362.25pt"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:81%">4.2<span style="font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:85%">Bi-Hemispherical</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:1.0pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:85%">Reflectance</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:.95pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:85%">and</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:.95pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:85%">Transmittance</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:1.05pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:85%">of</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:.8pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:85%">an</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:.95pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.1pt;mso-font-width:85%">Interface</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;mso-hansi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";mso-bidi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";color:#231F20">.................. </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.25pt;mso-font-width:95%">84</span></p><p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-top:4.15pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:0cm;margin-left:32.7pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-indent:-27.65pt;mso-list:l0 level2 lfo5;tab-stops:32.7pt 32.75pt right dotted 362.25pt"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-top:.15pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:0cm;margin-left:32.7pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-indent:-27.65pt;mso-list:l0 level2 lfo5;tab-stops:32.7pt 32.75pt right dotted 362.25pt"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:81%">4.3<span style="font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:90%">Metals<span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt"> </span>and</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.35pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:90%">Strongly<span style="letter-spacing:-.05pt"> </span>Absorbing<span style="letter-spacing:-.05pt"> </span><span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">Media</span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;mso-hansi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";mso-bidi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";color:#231F20">............................................................... </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.25pt">86</span></p><p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-top:.15pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:0cm;margin-left:32.7pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-indent:-27.65pt;mso-list:l0 level2 lfo5;tab-stops:32.7pt 32.75pt right dotted 362.25pt"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.25pt"><br></span></p><p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-top:.15pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:0cm;margin-left:32.7pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-indent:-27.65pt;mso-list:l0 level2 lfo5;tab-stops:32.7pt 32.75pt right dotted 362.25pt"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-top:.25pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:0cm;margin-left:32.7pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-indent:-27.65pt;mso-list:l0 level2 lfo5;tab-stops:32.7pt 32.75pt right dotted 362.25pt"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:81%">4.4<span style="font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:90%">Angular<span style="letter-spacing:-.25pt"> </span>Reflectance<span style="letter-spacing:-.25pt"> </span>and<span style="letter-spacing:-.25pt"> </span>Transmittance<span style="letter-spacing:-.25pt"> </span>of<span style="letter-spacing:-.25pt"> </span>a<span style="letter-spacing:-.35pt"> </span>Clear <span style="letter-spacing:-.25pt"></span><span style="letter-spacing:-.2pt">Plate</span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;mso-hansi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";mso-bidi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";color:#231F20">............................... </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.25pt">88</span></p><p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-top:.25pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:0cm;margin-left:32.7pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-indent:-27.65pt;mso-list:l0 level2 lfo5;tab-stops:32.7pt 32.75pt right dotted 362.25pt"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.25pt"><br></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoListParagraph"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:81%">4.4.1<span style="font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:90%">Angular<span style="letter-spacing:-.35pt"> </span>Reflectance<span style="letter-spacing:-.3pt"> </span>and<span style="letter-spacing:-.3pt"> </span><span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">Transmittance</span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;mso-hansi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";mso-bidi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";color:#231F20">............................................... </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.25pt;mso-font-width:95%">88</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-top:.25pt;mso-list:l0 level3 lfo5;tab-stops:63.5pt 63.55pt right dotted 362.25pt"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:81%">4.4.2<span style="font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:85%">Bi-Hemispherical</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:1.05pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:85%">Reflectance</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:1.2pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:85%">and</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:1.15pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.1pt;mso-font-width:85%">Transmittance</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;mso-hansi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";mso-bidi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";color:#231F20">................................. </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.25pt;mso-font-width:95%">91</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-left:32.7pt;text-indent:-27.65pt;mso-list:l0 level2 lfo5;tab-stops:32.7pt 32.75pt right dotted 362.25pt"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:81%">4.5<span style="font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:90%">Spectral<span style="letter-spacing:-.4pt"> </span>Transmittance<span style="letter-spacing:-.45pt"> </span>of<span style="letter-spacing:-.45pt"> </span>Absorbing<span style="letter-spacing:-.4pt"> </span><span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">Layers</span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;mso-hansi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";mso-bidi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";color:#231F20">.................................................... </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.25pt">93</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-top:.25pt;mso-list:l0 level3 lfo5;tab-stops:63.5pt 63.55pt right dotted 362.25pt"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:81%">4.5.1<span style="font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:90%">Bouguer</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;mso-bidi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";color:#231F20;mso-font-width:90%">’</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:90%">s<span style="letter-spacing:-.3pt"> </span>Law<span style="letter-spacing:-.45pt"> </span>and<span style="letter-spacing:-.4pt"> </span>Beer</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;mso-bidi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";color:#231F20;mso-font-width:90%">’</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:90%">s<span style="letter-spacing:-.3pt"> </span><span style="letter-spacing:-.25pt">Law</span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;mso-bidi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";color:#231F20">............................................................... </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.25pt">93</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoListParagraph"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:81%">4.5.2<span style="font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:90%">Piles</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.2pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:90%">of</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.15pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:90%">Absorbing</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.15pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:90%">Layers</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.15pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:90%">and</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.2pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:90%">Mixing</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.15pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:90%">of</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.15pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:90%">Absorbing</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.15pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.1pt;mso-font-width:90%">Media</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;mso-hansi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";mso-bidi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";color:#231F20">.............. </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.25pt">95</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-top:.25pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:0cm;margin-left:32.7pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-indent:-27.65pt;mso-list:l0 level2 lfo5;tab-stops:32.7pt 32.75pt right dotted 362.25pt"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:81%">4.6<span style="font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:90%">Spectral<span style="letter-spacing:-.5pt"> </span>Reflectance<span style="letter-spacing:-.45pt"> </span>and<span style="letter-spacing:-.45pt"> </span>Transmittance<span style="letter-spacing:-.5pt"> </span>of<span style="letter-spacing:-.45pt"> </span>an<span style="letter-spacing:-.5pt"> </span>Absorbing <span style="letter-spacing:-.45pt"></span><span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">Plate</span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;mso-hansi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";mso-bidi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";color:#231F20">................... </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.25pt">95</span></p><p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-top:.25pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:0cm;margin-left:32.7pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-indent:-27.65pt;mso-list:l0 level2 lfo5;tab-stops:32.7pt 32.75pt right dotted 362.25pt"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.25pt"><br></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-top:.15pt;mso-list:l0 level3 lfo5;tab-stops:63.5pt 63.55pt right dotted 362.25pt"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:81%">4.6.1<span style="font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:90%">Angular<span style="letter-spacing:-.35pt"> </span>Reflectance<span style="letter-spacing:-.3pt"> </span>and<span style="letter-spacing:-.3pt"> </span><span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">Transmittance</span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;mso-hansi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";mso-bidi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";color:#231F20">............................................... </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.25pt;mso-font-width:95%">96</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoListParagraph"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:81%">4.6.2<span style="font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:85%">Bi-Hemispherical</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:1.05pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:85%">Reflectance</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:1.2pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:85%">and</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:1.15pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.1pt;mso-font-width:85%">Transmittance</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;mso-hansi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";mso-bidi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";color:#231F20">................................. </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.25pt;mso-font-width:95%">97</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-top:.25pt;mso-list:l0 level3 lfo5;tab-stops:63.5pt 63.55pt right dotted 362.25pt"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:81%">4.6.3<span style="font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:90%">Obtaining<span style="letter-spacing:-.3pt"> </span>the<span style="letter-spacing:-.2pt"> </span>Intrinsic<span style="letter-spacing:-.15pt"> </span>Parameters<span style="letter-spacing:-.25pt"> </span>of<span style="letter-spacing:-.2pt"> </span>an<span style="letter-spacing:-.2pt"> </span>Absorbing <span style="letter-spacing:-.25pt"></span><span style="letter-spacing:-.2pt">Plate</span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;mso-hansi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";mso-bidi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";color:#231F20">............... </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.25pt">98</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-left:32.7pt;text-indent:-27.65pt;mso-list:l0 level2 lfo5;tab-stops:32.7pt 32.75pt right dotted 362.25pt"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:81%">4.7<span style="font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:85%">Extensions</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:.25pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:85%">and</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:.25pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.1pt;mso-font-width:85%">Applications</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;mso-hansi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";mso-bidi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";color:#231F20">.................................................................................. </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.25pt;mso-font-width:95%">99</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoBodyText" style="margin-top:12.15pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:0cm;margin-left:5.1pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;tab-stops:362.25pt"><u><span lang="EN-US" style="color:#231F20">CHAPTER<span style="letter-spacing:.95pt"> </span><span style="letter-spacing:-.5pt">5</span> </span></u><span lang="EN-US" style="color: rgb(35, 31, 32);">Transparent<span style="letter-spacing:-.25pt"> </span>Multilayers:<span style="letter-spacing:-.2pt"> </span>Two-Flux<span style="letter-spacing:-.25pt"> </span>Models<span style="letter-spacing:-.25pt"> </span>for<span style="letter-spacing:-.25pt"> </span>Directional<span style="letter-spacing:-.25pt"> </span><span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">Light</span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; color: rgb(35, 31, 32);">......................... </span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: rgb(35, 31, 32); letter-spacing: -0.25pt;">101</span></p><p class="MsoBodyText" style="margin-top:12.15pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:0cm;margin-left:5.1pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;tab-stops:362.25pt"><span lang="EN-US" style="color: rgb(35, 31, 32); letter-spacing: -0.25pt;"><br></span></p><p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-top:.25pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:0cm;margin-left:32.7pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-indent:-27.65pt;mso-list:l3 level2 lfo4;tab-stops:32.7pt 32.75pt right dotted 362.25pt"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:81%">5.1<span style="font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:90%">Piles<span style="letter-spacing:-.2pt"> </span>of<span style="letter-spacing:-.2pt"> </span>Transparent<span style="letter-spacing:-.15pt"> </span>Plates<span style="letter-spacing:-.2pt"></span>Separated<span style="letter-spacing:-.15pt"> </span>by<span style="letter-spacing:-.2pt"> </span><span style="letter-spacing:-.25pt">Air</span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;mso-hansi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";mso-bidi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";color:#231F20">................................................. </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.25pt">102</span></p><p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-top:.25pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:0cm;margin-left:32.7pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-indent:-27.65pt;mso-list:l3 level2 lfo4;tab-stops:32.7pt 32.75pt right dotted 362.25pt"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.25pt"><br></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoListParagraph"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:81%">5.1.1<span style="font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:90%">Angular<span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt"> </span>Reflectance</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.3pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:90%">and</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.35pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:90%">Transmittance</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.3pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:90%">of</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.35pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:90%">Two</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.3pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.1pt;mso-font-width:90%">Plates</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;mso-hansi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";mso-bidi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";color:#231F20">.................. </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.25pt">103</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoListParagraph"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:81%">5.1.2<span style="font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:85%">Generalization</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:1.45pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:85%">to</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:1.85pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:85%">Non-Symmetric</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:1.85pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.1pt;mso-font-width:85%">Plates</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;mso-hansi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";mso-bidi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";color:#231F20">............................................ </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.25pt">105</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-top:.25pt;line-height:12.1pt;mso-line-height-rule:exactly;mso-list:l3 level3 lfo4;tab-stops:63.5pt 63.55pt right dotted 362.25pt"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:81%">5.1.3<span style="font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:90%">Generalization</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.25pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:90%">to</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:.05pt"> </span><i><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Book Antiqua",serif;mso-hansi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";color:#231F20;mso-font-width:90%">N</span></i><i><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Book Antiqua",serif;mso-hansi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";color:#231F20;letter-spacing:.6pt"> </span></i><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:90%">Plates:</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:.05pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:90%">Iterative</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20"> <span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt;mso-font-width:90%">Model</span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;mso-hansi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";mso-bidi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";color:#231F20">...................................... </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.25pt">105</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-top:0cm;line-height:11.95pt;mso-line-height-rule:exactly;mso-list:l3 level3 lfo4;tab-stops:63.5pt 63.55pt right dotted 362.25pt"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:81%">5.1.4<span style="font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:90%">Generalization</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.35pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:90%">to</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.05pt"> </span><i><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Book Antiqua",serif;mso-hansi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";color:#231F20;mso-font-width:90%">N</span></i><i><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Book Antiqua",serif;mso-hansi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";color:#231F20;letter-spacing:.5pt"> </span></i><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:90%">Plates:</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.05pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:90%">Flux</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.1pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:90%">Transfer</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.1pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:90%">Matrix</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.05pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.1pt;mso-font-width:90%">Model</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;mso-hansi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";mso-bidi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";color:#231F20">............... </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.25pt">105</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-top:0cm;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:0cm;margin-left:32.7pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-indent:-27.65pt;line-height:11.6pt;mso-line-height-rule:exactly;mso-list:l3 level2 lfo4;tab-stops:32.7pt 32.75pt right dotted 362.25pt"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:81%">5.2<span style="font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:90%">Piles</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.25pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:90%">of</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.2pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:90%">Identical</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.15pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.1pt;mso-font-width:90%">Plates</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;mso-hansi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";mso-bidi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";color:#231F20">...................................................................................... </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.25pt">108</span></p><p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-top:0cm;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:0cm;margin-left:32.7pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-indent:-27.65pt;line-height:11.6pt;mso-line-height-rule:exactly;mso-list:l3 level2 lfo4;tab-stops:32.7pt 32.75pt right dotted 362.25pt"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.25pt"><br></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-top:.15pt;mso-list:l3 level3 lfo4;tab-stops:63.5pt 63.55pt right dotted 362.25pt"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:81%">5.2.1<span style="font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:90%">Angular<span style="letter-spacing:-.35pt"> </span>Reflectance<span style="letter-spacing:-.3pt"> </span>and<span style="letter-spacing:-.3pt"> </span><span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">Transmittance</span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;mso-hansi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";mso-bidi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";color:#231F20">............................................. </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.25pt;mso-font-width:95%">108</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-top:.25pt;mso-list:l3 level3 lfo4;tab-stops:63.5pt 63.55pt right dotted 362.25pt"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:81%">5.2.2<span style="font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:90%">Degree</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.3pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:90%">of<span style="letter-spacing:-.05pt"> </span><span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">Polarization</span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;mso-hansi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";mso-bidi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";color:#231F20">............................................................................ </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.25pt">112</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoListParagraph"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:81%">5.2.3<span style="font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:85%">Bi-Hemispherical</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:1.05pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:85%">Reflectance</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:1.2pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:85%">and</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:1.15pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.1pt;mso-font-width:85%">Transmittance</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;mso-hansi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";mso-bidi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";color:#231F20">.............................. </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.25pt;mso-font-width:95%">116</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-top:.25pt;mso-list:l3 level3 lfo4;tab-stops:63.5pt 63.55pt right dotted 362.25pt"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:81%">5.2.4<span style="font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:85%">Generalization</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:1.45pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:85%">to</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:1.85pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:85%">Non-Symmetric</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:1.85pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.1pt;mso-font-width:85%">Plates</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;mso-hansi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";mso-bidi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";color:#231F20">............................................ </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.25pt">117</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height:12.1pt;mso-line-height-rule:exactly;mso-list:l3 level3 lfo4;tab-stops:63.5pt 63.55pt right dotted 362.25pt"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:81%">5.2.5<span style="font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:90%">Invariance<span style="letter-spacing:-.5pt"> </span>of<span style="letter-spacing:-.35pt"> </span>Parameter<span style="letter-spacing:-.5pt"> </span></span><i><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Book Antiqua",serif;mso-hansi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.5pt;mso-font-width:90%">a</span></i><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;mso-hansi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";mso-bidi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";color:#231F20">...................................................................... </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.25pt">118</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-top:0cm;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:0cm;margin-left:32.7pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-indent:-27.65pt;line-height:11.6pt;mso-line-height-rule:exactly;mso-list:l3 level2 lfo4;tab-stops:32.7pt 32.75pt right dotted 362.25pt"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:81%">5.3<span style="font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:90%">Layers<span style="letter-spacing:-.25pt"> </span>of<span style="letter-spacing:-.15pt"> </span>Different<span style="letter-spacing:-.15pt"> </span>Refractive<span style="letter-spacing:-.25pt"> </span>Indices<span style="letter-spacing:-.2pt"> </span>in<span style="letter-spacing:-.15pt"> </span>Optical <span style="letter-spacing:-.15pt"></span><span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">Contact</span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;mso-hansi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";mso-bidi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";color:#231F20">............................ </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.25pt">118</span></p><p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-top:0cm;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:0cm;margin-left:32.7pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-indent:-27.65pt;line-height:11.6pt;mso-line-height-rule:exactly;mso-list:l3 level2 lfo4;tab-stops:32.7pt 32.75pt right dotted 362.25pt"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.25pt"><br></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-top:.25pt;mso-list:l3 level3 lfo4;tab-stops:63.5pt 63.55pt right dotted 362.25pt"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:81%">5.3.1<span style="font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:90%">Flux<span style="letter-spacing:-.25pt"> </span>Transfer<span style="letter-spacing:-.25pt"></span>Matrices<span style="letter-spacing:-.25pt"> </span>for<span style="letter-spacing:-.25pt"> </span>Layers<span style="letter-spacing:-.3pt"></span>and<span style="letter-spacing:-.3pt"> </span><span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">Interfaces</span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;mso-hansi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";mso-bidi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";color:#231F20">............................. </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.25pt;mso-font-width:95%">119</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoListParagraph"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:81%">5.3.2<span style="font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:90%">Examples<span style="letter-spacing:-.35pt"> </span>of<span style="letter-spacing:-.35pt"> </span><span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">Multilayers</span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;mso-hansi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";mso-bidi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";color:#231F20">......................................................................... </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.25pt;mso-font-width:95%">120</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoListParagraph"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:81%">5.3.3<span style="font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:90%">Optical<span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt"> </span>Characterization</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.3pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:90%">of <span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">Liquids</span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;mso-hansi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";mso-bidi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";color:#231F20">.................................................... </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.25pt">121</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoListParagraph"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:81%">5.3.4<span style="font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:95%">Total<span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.1pt">Reflections</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;mso-hansi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";mso-bidi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";color:#231F20">................................................................................... </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.25pt">122</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoListParagraph"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:81%">5.3.5<span style="font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:90%">Nonpolarity<span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt"> </span>of</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.2pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:90%">Directional</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.15pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.1pt;mso-font-width:90%">Transmittance</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;mso-hansi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";mso-bidi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";color:#231F20">......................................... </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.25pt">123</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-top:.25pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:0cm;margin-left:32.7pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-indent:-27.65pt;mso-list:l3 level2 lfo4;tab-stops:32.7pt 32.75pt right dotted 362.25pt"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:81%">5.4<span style="font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.1pt;mso-font-width:95%">Examples</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;mso-hansi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";mso-bidi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";color:#231F20">.............................................................................................................. </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.25pt;mso-font-width:95%">124</span></p><p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-top:.25pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:0cm;margin-left:32.7pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-indent:-27.65pt;mso-list:l3 level2 lfo4;tab-stops:32.7pt 32.75pt right dotted 362.25pt"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.25pt;mso-font-width:95%"><br></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoListParagraph"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:81%">5.4.1<span style="font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:90%">Piles</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.35pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:90%">of</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.3pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:90%">Colored</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.25pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:90%">Films</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.3pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:90%">Separated</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.3pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:90%">by</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.35pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.25pt;mso-font-width:90%">Air</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;mso-hansi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";mso-bidi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";color:#231F20">............................................. </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.25pt">124</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-top:.25pt;mso-list:l3 level3 lfo4;tab-stops:63.5pt 63.55pt right dotted 362.25pt"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:81%">5.4.2<span style="font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:90%">Piles<span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt"> </span>of<span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt"> </span>Colored<span style="letter-spacing:-.05pt"> </span>Films<span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt"> </span>Separated<span style="letter-spacing:-.05pt"> </span>by<span style="letter-spacing:-.15pt"> </span>Different<span style="letter-spacing:-.15pt"> </span><span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">Media</span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;mso-hansi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";mso-bidi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";color:#231F20">....................... </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.25pt;mso-font-width:95%">125</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-left:32.7pt;text-indent:-27.65pt;mso-list:l3 level2 lfo4;tab-stops:32.7pt 32.75pt right dotted 362.25pt"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:81%">5.5<span style="font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:90%">Piles</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.3pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:90%">of</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.25pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:90%">Films</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.25pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:90%">on</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.3pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:90%">Top</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.1pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:90%">of</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.35pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:90%">a</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.25pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:90%">Specular</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.25pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.1pt;mso-font-width:90%">Background</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;mso-hansi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";mso-bidi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";color:#231F20">.......................................... </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.25pt;mso-font-width:95%">130</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoBodyText" style="margin-top:12.15pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:0cm;margin-left:5.1pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;tab-stops:362.25pt"><u><span lang="EN-US" style="color:#231F20">CHAPTER<span style="letter-spacing:.95pt"> </span><span style="letter-spacing:-.5pt">6</span> </span></u><span lang="EN-US" style="color: rgb(35, 31, 32);">Diffusing<span style="letter-spacing:-.4pt"> </span>Layers<span style="letter-spacing:-.4pt"> </span>and<span style="letter-spacing:-.5pt"> </span>Multilayers:<span style="letter-spacing:-.4pt"> </span>Two-Flux<span style="letter-spacing:-.35pt"> </span>Models<span style="letter-spacing:-.4pt"> </span>for<span style="letter-spacing:-.4pt"> </span>Diffuse<span style="letter-spacing:-.4pt"> </span><span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">Light</span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; color: rgb(35, 31, 32);">................. </span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: rgb(35, 31, 32); letter-spacing: -0.25pt;">133</span></p><p class="MsoBodyText" style="margin-top:12.15pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:0cm;margin-left:5.1pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;tab-stops:362.25pt"><span lang="EN-US" style="color: rgb(35, 31, 32); letter-spacing: -0.25pt;"><br></span></p><p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-top:.25pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:0cm;margin-left:32.7pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-indent:-27.65pt;mso-list:l1 level2 lfo3;tab-stops:32.7pt 32.75pt right dotted 362.25pt"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:81%">6.1<span style="font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:90%">The</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.3pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:90%">Kubelka</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;mso-bidi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";color:#231F20;mso-font-width:90%">–</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:90%">Munk</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.25pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.2pt;mso-font-width:90%">Model</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;mso-bidi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";color:#231F20">................................................................................. </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.25pt">134</span></p><p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-top:.25pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:0cm;margin-left:32.7pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-indent:-27.65pt;mso-list:l1 level2 lfo3;tab-stops:32.7pt 32.75pt right dotted 362.25pt"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.25pt"><br></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoListParagraph"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:81%">6.1.1<span style="font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:90%">The<span style="letter-spacing:-.3pt"> </span>Kubelka</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;mso-bidi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";color:#231F20;mso-font-width:90%">–</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:90%">Munk<span style="letter-spacing:-.25pt"> </span>Differential<span style="letter-spacing:-.3pt"> </span><span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">Equations</span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;mso-bidi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";color:#231F20">........................................ </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.25pt;mso-font-width:95%">134</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-top:.25pt;mso-list:l1 level3 lfo3;tab-stops:63.5pt 63.55pt right dotted 362.25pt"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:81%">6.1.2<span style="font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:85%">Reflectance</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:1.3pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:85%">and</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:1.25pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:85%">Transmittance</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:1.25pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.1pt;mso-font-width:85%">Formulae</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;mso-hansi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";mso-bidi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";color:#231F20">........................................... </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.25pt;mso-font-width:95%">135</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-top:.15pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:0cm;margin-left:32.7pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-indent:-27.65pt;mso-list:l1 level2 lfo3;tab-stops:32.7pt 32.75pt right dotted 362.25pt"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:81%">6.2<span style="font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:90%">Layers</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.35pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:90%">in</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.2pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:90%">Optical</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.15pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:90%">Contact<span style="letter-spacing:-.05pt"> </span>with</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.2pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:90%">a</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.15pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.1pt;mso-font-width:90%">Background</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;mso-hansi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";mso-bidi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";color:#231F20">............................................... </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.25pt;mso-font-width:95%">137</span></p><p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-top:.15pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:0cm;margin-left:32.7pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-indent:-27.65pt;mso-list:l1 level2 lfo3;tab-stops:32.7pt 32.75pt right dotted 362.25pt"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.25pt;mso-font-width:95%"><br></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-left:32.7pt;text-indent:-27.65pt;mso-list:l1 level2 lfo3;tab-stops:32.7pt 32.75pt right dotted 362.25pt"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:81%">6.3<span style="font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:90%">Light<span style="letter-spacing:-.4pt"> </span>Transfers<span style="letter-spacing:-.35pt"></span>at<span style="letter-spacing:-.35pt"> </span>the<span style="letter-spacing:-.4pt"> </span>Interfaces<span style="letter-spacing:-.3pt"> </span>Bordering<span style="letter-spacing:-.4pt"> </span>the<span style="letter-spacing:-.35pt"> </span><span style="letter-spacing:-.2pt">Layer</span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;mso-hansi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";mso-bidi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";color:#231F20">.................................. </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.25pt">138</span></p></div><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:0cm;line-height:normal;mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:none"></p><div class="WordSection4"><p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-top:4.15pt;mso-list:l1 level3 lfo3;tab-stops:63.5pt 63.55pt dotted 347.3pt"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:81%">6.3.1<span style="font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:85%">Saunderson</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:.45pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:85%">Correction</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:.3pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:85%">and</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:.3pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:85%">Inverse</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:.45pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.1pt;mso-font-width:85%">Formulae</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;mso-hansi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";mso-bidi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";color:#231F20">...................................... </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.25pt;mso-font-width:95%">138</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-top:.15pt;mso-list:l1 level3 lfo3;tab-stops:63.5pt 63.55pt"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:81%">6.3.2<span style="font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:85%">Saunderson</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:.45pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:85%">Correction</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:.3pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:85%">and</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:.3pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:85%">Inverse</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:.45pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:85%">Formulae</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:.35pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:85%">for</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:.45pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:85%">a</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:.3pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.1pt;mso-font-width:85%">Diffusing</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 10pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: rgb(35, 31, 32); letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">Plate</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; color: rgb(35, 31, 32);">................................................................. </span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: rgb(35, 31, 32); letter-spacing: -0.25pt;">141</span></p><p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-left:32.7pt;text-indent:-27.65pt;line-height:12.1pt;mso-line-height-rule:exactly;mso-list:l1 level2 lfo3;tab-stops:32.7pt 32.75pt dotted 347.3pt"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:81%">6.4<span style="font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:90%">Deducing</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.1pt"> </span><i><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Book Antiqua",serif;mso-hansi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";color:#231F20;mso-font-width:90%">K</span></i><i><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Book Antiqua",serif;mso-hansi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";color:#231F20;letter-spacing:.7pt"> </span></i><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:90%">and</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.05pt"> </span><i><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Book Antiqua",serif;mso-hansi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";color:#231F20;mso-font-width:90%">S</span></i><i><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Book Antiqua",serif;mso-hansi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";color:#231F20;letter-spacing:.6pt"> </span></i><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:90%">from</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.1pt"> Measurements</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;mso-hansi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";mso-bidi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";color:#231F20">........................................................... </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.25pt">143</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-top:0cm;line-height:11.6pt;mso-line-height-rule:exactly;mso-list:l1 level3 lfo3;tab-stops:63.5pt 63.55pt dotted 347.3pt"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:81%">6.4.1<span style="font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:90%">Drawdown<span style="letter-spacing:-.05pt"> </span>Card<span style="letter-spacing:-.05pt"> </span><span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">Method</span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;mso-hansi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";mso-bidi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";color:#231F20">......................................................................... </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.25pt">143</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-top:.25pt;mso-list:l1 level3 lfo3;tab-stops:63.5pt 63.55pt dotted 347.3pt"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:81%">6.4.2<span style="font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:85%">Reflectance</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:1.3pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:85%">and</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:1.25pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:85%">Transmittance</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:1.25pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.1pt;mso-font-width:85%">Method</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;mso-hansi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";mso-bidi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";color:#231F20">................................................. </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.25pt;mso-font-width:95%">145</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoListParagraph"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:81%">6.4.3<span style="font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:90%">Choosing<span style="letter-spacing:-.05pt"> </span>the<span style="letter-spacing:-.05pt"> </span>Appropriate<span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt"> Method</span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;mso-hansi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";mso-bidi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";color:#231F20">....................................................... </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.25pt">145</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-top:.25pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:0cm;margin-left:32.7pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-indent:-27.65pt;mso-list:l1 level2 lfo3;tab-stops:32.7pt 32.75pt dotted 347.3pt"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:81%">6.5<span style="font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.1pt;mso-font-width:95%">Example</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;mso-hansi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";mso-bidi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";color:#231F20">.................................................................................................................. </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.25pt;mso-font-width:95%">146</span></p><p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-top:.25pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:0cm;margin-left:32.7pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-indent:-27.65pt;mso-list:l1 level2 lfo3;tab-stops:32.7pt 32.75pt dotted 347.3pt"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.25pt;mso-font-width:95%"><br></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-left:32.7pt;text-indent:-27.65pt;mso-list:l1 level2 lfo3;tab-stops:32.7pt 32.75pt dotted 347.3pt"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:81%">6.6<span style="font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:90%">Mixture</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.15pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:90%">of</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.15pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:90%">Scattering</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.15pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.1pt;mso-font-width:90%">Materials</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;mso-hansi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";mso-bidi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";color:#231F20">......................................................................... </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.25pt;mso-font-width:95%">148</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-top:.15pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:0cm;margin-left:32.7pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-indent:-27.65pt;mso-list:l1 level2 lfo3;tab-stops:32.7pt 32.75pt dotted 347.3pt"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:81%">6.7<span style="font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:90%">Validity<span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt"> </span>of</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.3pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:90%">the</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.3pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:90%">Kubelka</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;mso-bidi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";color:#231F20;mso-font-width:90%">–</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:90%">Munk</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.2pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.1pt;mso-font-width:90%">Model</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;mso-bidi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";color:#231F20">............................................................... </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.25pt">149</span></p><p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-top:.15pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:0cm;margin-left:32.7pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-indent:-27.65pt;mso-list:l1 level2 lfo3;tab-stops:32.7pt 32.75pt dotted 347.3pt"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.25pt"><br></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-top:.25pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:0cm;margin-left:32.7pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-indent:-27.65pt;mso-list:l1 level2 lfo3;tab-stops:32.7pt 32.75pt dotted 347.3pt"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:81%">6.8<span style="font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:85%">Diffusing</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:.4pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.1pt;mso-font-width:95%">Multilayers</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;mso-hansi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";mso-bidi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";color:#231F20">............................................................................................ </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.25pt;mso-font-width:95%">150</span></p><p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-top:.25pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:0cm;margin-left:32.7pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-indent:-27.65pt;mso-list:l1 level2 lfo3;tab-stops:32.7pt 32.75pt dotted 347.3pt"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.25pt;mso-font-width:95%"><br></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoListParagraph"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:81%">6.8.1<span style="font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:85%">Kubelka</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;mso-bidi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";color:#231F20;mso-font-width:85%">’</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:85%">s</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:.7pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:85%">Compositional</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:.7pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:85%">Formulae</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:.75pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:85%">and</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:.75pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:85%">Flux</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:.7pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:85%">Transfer</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:.75pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.1pt;mso-font-width:85%">Matrix</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 10pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: rgb(35, 31, 32); letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">Model</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; color: rgb(35, 31, 32);">........................................... </span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: rgb(35, 31, 32); letter-spacing: -0.25pt;">151</span></p><p class="MsoListParagraph"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:81%">6.8.2<span style="font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:90%">Example:<span style="letter-spacing:-.35pt"> </span>Piles<span style="letter-spacing:-.3pt"> </span>of<span style="letter-spacing:-.35pt"> </span>Identical<span style="letter-spacing:-.3pt"> </span>Diffusing<span style="letter-spacing:-.3pt"> </span><span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">Sheets</span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;mso-hansi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";mso-bidi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";color:#231F20">....................................... </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.25pt;mso-font-width:95%">152</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-top:.25pt;mso-list:l1 level3 lfo3;tab-stops:63.5pt 63.55pt dotted 347.3pt"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:81%">6.8.3<span style="font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:85%">Kubelka</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;mso-bidi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";color:#231F20;mso-font-width:85%">’</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:85%">s</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:1.15pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:85%">Formulae</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:1.1pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:85%">and</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:1.05pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:85%">Kubelka</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;mso-bidi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";color:#231F20;mso-font-width:85%">–</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:85%">Munk</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:1.15pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.1pt;mso-font-width:85%">Model</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;mso-bidi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";color:#231F20">.................................. </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.25pt;mso-font-width:95%">153<br></span><span lang="EN-US" style="text-indent: -30.35pt; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 101%; color: rgb(35, 31, 32);"><br>ExtendedSaunderson Correction for Multilayers: The Matrix </span><span lang="EN-US" style="text-indent: -30.35pt; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 101%; color: rgb(35, 31, 32); letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">Method</span><span lang="EN-US" style="text-indent: -30.35pt; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 101%; font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; color: rgb(35, 31, 32);"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="text-indent: -30.35pt; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 101%; color: rgb(35, 31, 32); letter-spacing: -0.45pt;">154</span></p><p class="MsoBodyText" style="margin-top:11.85pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:0cm;margin-left:5.1pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;tab-stops:362.25pt"><u><span lang="EN-US" style="color:#231F20">CHAPTER<span style="letter-spacing:.95pt"> </span><span style="letter-spacing:-.5pt">7</span> </span></u><span lang="EN-US" style="color: rgb(35, 31, 32); letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">Nonscattering</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: rgb(35, 31, 32); letter-spacing: -0.35pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: rgb(35, 31, 32); letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">Layers</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: rgb(35, 31, 32); letter-spacing: -0.3pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: rgb(35, 31, 32); letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">on</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: rgb(35, 31, 32); letter-spacing: -0.25pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: rgb(35, 31, 32); letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">a</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: rgb(35, 31, 32); letter-spacing: -0.25pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: rgb(35, 31, 32); letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">Diffusing</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: rgb(35, 31, 32); letter-spacing: -0.3pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: rgb(35, 31, 32); letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">Background</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; color: rgb(35, 31, 32);">..................................................... </span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: rgb(35, 31, 32); letter-spacing: -0.25pt;">157</span></p><p class="MsoBodyText" style="margin-top:11.85pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:0cm;margin-left:5.1pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;tab-stops:362.25pt"><span lang="EN-US" style="color: rgb(35, 31, 32); letter-spacing: -0.25pt;"><br></span></p><p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-top:.25pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:0cm;margin-left:32.7pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-indent:-27.65pt;mso-list:l4 level2 lfo2;tab-stops:32.7pt 32.75pt dotted 347.3pt"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:81%">7.1<span style="font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:90%">Uniform</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.3pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:90%">Layer</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.25pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:90%">on</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.3pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:90%">Top</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.1pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:90%">of</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.25pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:90%">a<span style="letter-spacing:-.05pt"> </span>Diffusing</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.2pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.1pt;mso-font-width:90%">Background</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;mso-hansi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";mso-bidi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";color:#231F20">......................................... </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.25pt;mso-font-width:95%">158</span></p><p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-top:.25pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:0cm;margin-left:32.7pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-indent:-27.65pt;mso-list:l4 level2 lfo2;tab-stops:32.7pt 32.75pt dotted 347.3pt"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.25pt;mso-font-width:95%"><br></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoListParagraph"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:81%">7.1.1<span style="font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:90%">Williams</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;mso-bidi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";color:#231F20;mso-font-width:90%">–</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:90%">Clapper</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.05pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.2pt">Model</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;mso-bidi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";color:#231F20">....................................................................... </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.25pt">158</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-top:.15pt;mso-list:l4 level3 lfo2;tab-stops:63.5pt 63.55pt dotted 347.3pt"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:81%">7.1.2<span style="font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:90%">Berns</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;mso-bidi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";color:#231F20;mso-font-width:90%">’<span style="letter-spacing:-.25pt"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.1pt">Model</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;mso-bidi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";color:#231F20">............................................................................................ </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.25pt">161</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-top:.25pt;mso-list:l4 level3 lfo2;tab-stops:63.5pt 63.55pt"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:81%">7.1.3<span style="font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:85%">Insurface</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:.15pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:85%">and</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:.2pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:85%">Subsurface</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:.25pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:85%">Reflections</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:.2pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.1pt;mso-font-width:85%">According</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 10pt; letter-spacing: -0.1pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: rgb(35, 31, 32);">to</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: rgb(35, 31, 32); letter-spacing: 0.15pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: rgb(35, 31, 32);">the</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: rgb(35, 31, 32); letter-spacing: 0.15pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: rgb(35, 31, 32);">Lighting</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: rgb(35, 31, 32); letter-spacing: 0.1pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: rgb(35, 31, 32); letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">Geometry</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; color: rgb(35, 31, 32);">................................... </span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: rgb(35, 31, 32); letter-spacing: -0.25pt;">162</span></p><p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-top:.25pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:0cm;margin-left:32.7pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-indent:-27.65pt;mso-list:l4 level2 lfo2;tab-stops:32.7pt 32.75pt dotted 347.3pt"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:81%">7.2<span style="font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:90%">Transparent<span style="letter-spacing:-.4pt"> </span>Multilayers<span style="letter-spacing:-.3pt"> </span>on<span style="letter-spacing:-.4pt"> </span>Top<span style="letter-spacing:-.2pt"> </span>of<span style="letter-spacing:-.4pt"> </span>a<span style="letter-spacing:-.35pt"> </span>Diffusing<span style="letter-spacing:-.35pt"> </span><span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">Background</span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;mso-hansi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";mso-bidi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";color:#231F20">........................ </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.25pt">165</span></p><p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-top:.25pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:0cm;margin-left:32.7pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-indent:-27.65pt;mso-list:l4 level2 lfo2;tab-stops:32.7pt 32.75pt dotted 347.3pt"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.25pt"><br></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-left:32.7pt;text-indent:-27.65pt;mso-list:l4 level2 lfo2;tab-stops:32.7pt 32.75pt dotted 347.3pt"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:81%">7.3<span style="font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:90%">Generalized</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.1pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:90%">Two-Flux</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.1pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.2pt;mso-font-width:90%">Model</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;mso-hansi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";mso-bidi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";color:#231F20">.............................................................................. </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.25pt">168</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-top:.25pt;mso-list:l4 level3 lfo2;tab-stops:63.5pt 63.55pt dotted 347.3pt"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:81%">7.3.1<span style="font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:90%">Configurations</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.05pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:90%">Where</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:.1pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:90%">a</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.1pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:90%">Two-Flux</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:.05pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:90%">Model</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20"> <span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt;mso-font-width:90%">Applies</span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;mso-hansi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";mso-bidi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";color:#231F20">............................ </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.25pt">168</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoListParagraph"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:81%">7.3.2<span style="font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:85%">Multiple</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:1.05pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:85%">Reflection</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:.9pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:85%">Processes</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:1.05pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:85%">and</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:.9pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.1pt;mso-font-width:85%">Homogeneous</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 10pt; letter-spacing: -0.1pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: rgb(35, 31, 32);">Discrete-Time<span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt"> </span>Markov <span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">Chains</span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; color: rgb(35, 31, 32);">............................... </span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: rgb(35, 31, 32); letter-spacing: -0.25pt;">170</span></p><p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-top:.15pt;mso-list:l4 level3 lfo2;tab-stops:63.5pt 63.55pt dotted 347.3pt"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:81%">7.3.3<span style="font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:90%">Transition</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20"> Probability<span style="letter-spacing:.05pt"></span><span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt;mso-font-width:90%">Matrices</span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;mso-hansi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";mso-bidi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";color:#231F20">............................................................ </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.25pt;mso-font-width:95%">172</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-top:.25pt;mso-list:l4 level3 lfo2;tab-stops:63.5pt 63.55pt dotted 347.3pt"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:81%">7.3.4<span style="font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:90%">Average</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:.1pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:90%">Number</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:.05pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:90%">of</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.05pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.1pt;mso-font-width:90%">Transfers</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;mso-hansi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";mso-bidi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";color:#231F20">................................................................ </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.25pt;mso-font-width:95%">173</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-left:32.7pt;text-indent:-27.65pt;mso-list:l4 level2 lfo2;tab-stops:32.7pt 32.75pt dotted 347.3pt"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:81%">7.4<span style="font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:90%">Spectral<span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt"> </span>Reflectance<span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt"> </span>of<span style="letter-spacing:-.2pt"> </span>Printed<span style="letter-spacing:-.15pt"> </span><span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">Surfaces</span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;mso-hansi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";mso-bidi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";color:#231F20">......................................................... </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.25pt;mso-font-width:95%">174</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-top:.25pt;mso-list:l4 level3 lfo2;tab-stops:63.5pt 63.55pt dotted 347.3pt"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:81%">7.4.1<span style="font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:90%">Halftone<span style="letter-spacing:-.05pt"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.1pt;mso-font-width:95%">Colors</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;mso-hansi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";mso-bidi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";color:#231F20">......................................................................................... </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.25pt;mso-font-width:95%">174</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoListParagraph"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:81%">7.4.2<span style="font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:85%">Spectral</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:.9pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:85%">Neugebauer</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:1.0pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.2pt;mso-font-width:85%">Model</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;mso-hansi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";mso-bidi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";color:#231F20">..................................................................... </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.25pt;mso-font-width:95%">176</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoListParagraph"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:81%">7.4.3<span style="font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:85%">Yule</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;mso-bidi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";color:#231F20;mso-font-width:85%">–</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:85%">Nielsen</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:1.55pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:85%">Modified</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:1.65pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:85%">Spectral</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:1.65pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:85%">Neugebauer</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:1.75pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.1pt;mso-font-width:85%">Model</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;mso-bidi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";color:#231F20">............................ </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.25pt">177</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-top:.25pt;mso-list:l4 level3 lfo2;tab-stops:63.5pt 63.55pt dotted 347.3pt"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:81%">7.4.4<span style="font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:90%">Clapper</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;mso-bidi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";color:#231F20;mso-font-width:90%">–</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:90%">Yule<span style="letter-spacing:-.15pt"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.2pt">Model</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;mso-bidi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";color:#231F20">............................................................................... </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.25pt">179</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-left:32.7pt;text-indent:-27.65pt;mso-list:l4 level2 lfo2;tab-stops:32.7pt 32.75pt dotted 347.3pt"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:81%">7.5<span style="font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:90%">Calibration</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.05pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:90%">of</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.1pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:90%">the</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.1pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:90%">Halftone</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.1pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:90%">Color</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.05pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:90%">Prediction</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.1pt"> Models</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;mso-hansi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";mso-bidi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";color:#231F20">.................................... </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.25pt">180</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoListParagraph"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:81%">7.5.1<span style="font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:90%">Obtaining<span style="letter-spacing:-.35pt"> </span>Spectral <span style="letter-spacing:-.25pt"></span><span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">Parameters</span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;mso-hansi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";mso-bidi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";color:#231F20">............................................................. </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.25pt;mso-font-width:95%">181</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoListParagraph"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:81%">7.5.2<span style="font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:85%">Ink</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:.25pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:85%">Spreading</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:.2pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:85%">Assessment</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:.25pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.1pt;mso-font-width:85%">Methods</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;mso-hansi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";mso-bidi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";color:#231F20">........................................................ </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.25pt;mso-font-width:95%">182</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-top:.25pt;mso-list:l4 level3 lfo2;tab-stops:63.5pt 63.55pt dotted 347.3pt"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:81%">7.5.3<span style="font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:90%">Basic</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.15pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:90%">Ink</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.05pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:90%">Spreading</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.1pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:90%">(BIS)</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.05pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.1pt;mso-font-width:90%">Method</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;mso-hansi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";mso-bidi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";color:#231F20">....................................................... </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.25pt">182</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoListParagraph"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:81%">7.5.4<span style="font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:85%">Superimposition-Dependent</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:1.75pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:85%">Ink</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:1.8pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:85%">Spreading</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:1.75pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:85%">(SDIS)</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:1.75pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.1pt;mso-font-width:85%">Method</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;mso-hansi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";mso-bidi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";color:#231F20">............... </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.25pt;mso-font-width:95%">184</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-top:.25pt;mso-list:l4 level3 lfo2;tab-stops:63.5pt 63.55pt dotted 347.3pt"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:81%">7.5.5<span style="font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:90%">Predicting<span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt"> </span>the<span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt"> </span>Spectral<span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt"> </span>Reflectance<span style="letter-spacing:-.05pt"> </span>of<span style="letter-spacing:-.15pt"> </span><span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">Halftones</span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;mso-hansi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";mso-bidi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";color:#231F20">............................... </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.25pt">184</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoListParagraph"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:81%">7.5.6<span style="font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.1pt;mso-font-width:90%">Four-Ink</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.2pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.1pt;mso-font-width:90%">Halftone</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.15pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.1pt;mso-font-width:90%">Colors</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;mso-hansi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";mso-bidi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";color:#231F20">........................................................................ </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.25pt;mso-font-width:95%">186</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt"><o:p></o:p></span></p></div><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:0cm;line-height:normal;mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:none"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Bookman Old Style",serif;mso-fareast-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";mso-bidi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";mso-ansi-language:EN-US;mso-fareast-language:EN-US;mso-bidi-language:AR-SA"><br clear="all" style="page-break-before:always;mso-break-type:section-break"></span></p><div class="WordSection5"><p class="MsoBodyText" style="margin-top:3.95pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:0cm;margin-left:5.1pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;tab-stops:362.25pt"><u><span lang="EN-US" style="color:#231F20">CHAPTER<span style="letter-spacing:.95pt"> </span><span style="letter-spacing:-.5pt">8</span> </span></u><span lang="EN-US" style="color: rgb(35, 31, 32);">Angle-Dependent<span style="letter-spacing:-.05pt"> </span>Light</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: rgb(35, 31, 32); letter-spacing: -0.25pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: rgb(35, 31, 32); letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">Scattering</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; color: rgb(35, 31, 32);">................................................................................ </span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: rgb(35, 31, 32); letter-spacing: -0.25pt;">187</span></p><p class="MsoBodyText" style="margin-top:3.95pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:0cm;margin-left:5.1pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;tab-stops:362.25pt"><span lang="EN-US" style="color: rgb(35, 31, 32); letter-spacing: -0.25pt;"><br></span></p><p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-left:32.7pt;text-indent:-27.65pt;mso-list:l5 level2 lfo1;tab-stops:32.7pt 32.75pt dotted 347.3pt"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:81%">8.1<span style="font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:85%">Surface</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.05pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.1pt;mso-font-width:95%">Scattering</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;mso-hansi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";mso-bidi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";color:#231F20">................................................................................................. </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.25pt;mso-font-width:95%">187</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-top:.25pt;mso-list:l5 level3 lfo1;tab-stops:63.5pt 63.55pt dotted 347.3pt"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:81%">8.1.1<span style="font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:85%">Surface</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.3pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:85%">Roughness</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.2pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.1pt;mso-font-width:85%">Measurement</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;mso-hansi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";mso-bidi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";color:#231F20">............................................................. </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.25pt;mso-font-width:95%">188</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-top:.15pt;mso-list:l5 level3 lfo1;tab-stops:63.5pt 63.55pt dotted 347.3pt"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:81%">8.1.2<span style="font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:90%">Modelling</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.25pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:90%">a</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.15pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:90%">Randomly</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.15pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:90%">Rough</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.15pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.1pt;mso-font-width:90%">Surface</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;mso-hansi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";mso-bidi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";color:#231F20">................................................ </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.25pt;mso-font-width:95%">188</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoListParagraph"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:81%">8.1.3<span style="font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:95%">BRDF<span style="letter-spacing:-.65pt"> </span>and<span style="letter-spacing:-.25pt"> </span>BTDF<span style="letter-spacing:-.25pt"> </span>Optical <span style="letter-spacing:-.05pt"></span><span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">Models</span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;mso-hansi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";mso-bidi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";color:#231F20">........................................................ </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.25pt">189</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-top:.25pt;mso-list:l5 level3 lfo1;tab-stops:63.5pt 63.55pt dotted 347.3pt"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:81%">8.1.4<span style="font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:85%">Microfacet</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:1.3pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:85%">Model</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:1.35pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:85%">and</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:1.4pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:85%">Smith</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;mso-bidi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";color:#231F20;mso-font-width:85%">’</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:85%">s</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:1.4pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:85%">Shadowing-Masking</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:1.4pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.1pt;mso-font-width:85%">Function</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;mso-bidi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";color:#231F20">........... </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.25pt">190</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoListParagraph"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:81%">8.1.5<span style="font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:85%">Spherical</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:.15pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.1pt;mso-font-width:95%">Surfaces</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;mso-hansi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";mso-bidi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";color:#231F20">................................................................................... </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.25pt;mso-font-width:95%">193</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-top:.25pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:0cm;margin-left:32.7pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-indent:-27.65pt;mso-list:l5 level2 lfo1;tab-stops:32.7pt 32.75pt dotted 347.3pt"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:81%">8.2<span style="font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.1pt;mso-font-width:90%">Volume</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.35pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.1pt;mso-font-width:90%">Scattering</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;mso-hansi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";mso-bidi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";color:#231F20">................................................................................................. </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.25pt;mso-font-width:95%">195</span></p><p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-top:.25pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:0cm;margin-left:32.7pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-indent:-27.65pt;mso-list:l5 level2 lfo1;tab-stops:32.7pt 32.75pt dotted 347.3pt"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.25pt;mso-font-width:95%"><br></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoListParagraph"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:81%">8.2.1<span style="font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:85%">Scattering</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:1.35pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:85%">Description</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:1.2pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.1pt;mso-font-width:85%">Parameters</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;mso-hansi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";mso-bidi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";color:#231F20">.......................................................... </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.25pt;mso-font-width:95%">195</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-top:.25pt;mso-list:l5 level3 lfo1;tab-stops:63.5pt 63.55pt dotted 347.3pt"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:81%">8.2.2<span style="font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:95%">Types<span style="letter-spacing:-.45pt"> </span>of<span style="letter-spacing:-.35pt"> </span><span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">Scattering</span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;mso-hansi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";mso-bidi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";color:#231F20">.................................................................................. </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.25pt">198</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoListParagraph"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:81%">8.2.3<span style="font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:90%">The</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:.1pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:90%">Radiative</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:.05pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:90%">Transfer</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:.05pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.1pt;mso-font-width:90%">Equation</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;mso-hansi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";mso-bidi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";color:#231F20">......................................................... </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.25pt">199</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoListParagraph"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:81%">8.2.4<span style="font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:90%">Scattering<span style="letter-spacing:-.35pt"> </span>in<span style="letter-spacing:-.35pt"> </span>Lambertian<span style="letter-spacing:-.4pt"> </span><span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">Layers</span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;mso-hansi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";mso-bidi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";color:#231F20">........................................................... </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.25pt;mso-font-width:95%">200</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoBodyText" style="margin-top:12.15pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:0cm;margin-left:5.1pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;tab-stops:dotted 347.3pt"><span lang="EN-US" style="color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.1pt;mso-font-width:90%">Exercises</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;mso-hansi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";mso-bidi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";color:#231F20">............................................................................................................................ </span><span lang="EN-US" style="color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.25pt;mso-font-width:90%">201</span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoBodyText" style="margin-top:12.2pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:0cm;margin-left:5.1pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;tab-stops:dotted 347.3pt"><span lang="EN-US" style="color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.1pt;mso-font-width:95%">Corrections</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;mso-hansi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";mso-bidi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";color:#231F20">........................................................................................................................ </span><span lang="EN-US" style="color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.25pt;mso-font-width:95%">211</span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoBodyText" style="margin-top:12.2pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:0cm;margin-left:5.1pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;tab-stops:dotted 347.3pt"><span lang="EN-US" style="color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.1pt;mso-font-width:95%">Acknowledgements</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;mso-hansi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";mso-bidi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";color:#231F20">.......................................................................................................... </span><span lang="EN-US" style="color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.25pt;mso-font-width:95%">229</span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoBodyText" style="margin-top:12.1pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:0cm;margin-left:5.1pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;tab-stops:dotted 347.3pt"><span lang="EN-US" style="color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.1pt;mso-font-width:95%">References</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;mso-hansi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";mso-bidi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";color:#231F20">.......................................................................................................................... </span><span lang="EN-US" style="color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.25pt;mso-font-width:95%">231</span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoBodyText" style="margin-top:12.2pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:0cm;margin-left:5.1pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;tab-stops:dotted 347.3pt"><span lang="EN-US" style="color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.1pt;mso-font-width:95%">Index</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;mso-hansi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";mso-bidi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";color:#231F20">................................................................................................................................... </span><span lang="EN-US" style="color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.25pt;mso-font-width:95%">243</span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p></div><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:0cm;line-height:normal;mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:none"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Bookman Old Style",serif;mso-fareast-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";mso-bidi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";mso-ansi-language:EN-US;mso-fareast-language:EN-US;mso-bidi-language:AR-SA"><br clear="all" style="page-break-before:always;mso-break-type:section-break"></span></p><p class="MsoBodyText"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:8.5pt;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt"> </span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:0cm;line-height:normal;mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:none"><br></p><p class="MsoBodyText" style="margin-top:12.2pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:0cm;margin-left:5.1pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;tab-stops:dotted 347.3pt"><br></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:0cm;line-height:normal;mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:none"><span lang="EN-US" style="color: rgb(35, 31, 32);"> The</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: rgb(35, 31, 32); letter-spacing: -0.1pt;"> Author</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; color: rgb(35, 31, 32);">......................................................................................................................... </span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: rgb(35, 31, 32); letter-spacing: -0.25pt;">III</span><br></p><div class="WordSection1"><p class="MsoBodyText" style="margin-top:.2pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:0cm;margin-left:5.1pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;tab-stops:right dotted 362.25pt"><span lang="EN-US" style="color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.1pt">Preface</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;mso-hansi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";mso-bidi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";color:#231F20">................................................................................................................................... </span><span lang="EN-US" style="color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.5pt">V</span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoBodyText" style="margin-top:.25pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:0cm;margin-left:5.1pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;tab-stops:right dotted 362.3pt"><span lang="EN-US" style="color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.1pt">Foreword</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;mso-hansi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";mso-bidi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";color:#231F20">........................................................................................................................... </span><span lang="EN-US" style="color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.25pt">VII</span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoBodyText" style="margin-top:11.55pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:0cm;margin-left:5.1pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt"><span style="mso-ignore:vglayout;position:absolute;z-index:15729152;left:0px;margin-left:88px;margin-top:198px;width:595px;height:1px"><img width="476" height="1" src="file:///C:/Users/igarric/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image001.gif" v:shapes="docshape2"></span><span lang="EN-US"><font color="#231f20">CHAPTER</font><span style="color: rgb(35, 31, 32); letter-spacing: 1.05pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.5pt;"><font color="#231f20">2</font> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: rgb(35, 31, 32);">Spectral</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: rgb(35, 31, 32); letter-spacing: -0.25pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: rgb(35, 31, 32);">Radiometry<span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt"> </span>of</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: rgb(35, 31, 32); letter-spacing: -0.2pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: rgb(35, 31, 32); letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">Surfaces</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; color: rgb(35, 31, 32);">.................................................................................... </span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: rgb(35, 31, 32); letter-spacing: -0.25pt;">29</span></p><p class="MsoBodyText" style="margin-top:12.15pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:0cm;margin-left:5.1pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt"><span lang="EN-US" style="color: rgb(35, 31, 32); letter-spacing: -0.25pt;"><br></span></p><p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-top:.25pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:0cm;margin-left:32.7pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-indent:-27.65pt;mso-list:l2 level2 lfo7;tab-stops:32.7pt 32.75pt right dotted 362.25pt"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:81%">2.1<span style="font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:90%">Types</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:.15pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:90%">of</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:.25pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:90%">Reflecting</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:.25pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.1pt;mso-font-width:90%">Surfaces</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;mso-hansi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";mso-bidi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";color:#231F20">............................................................................... </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.25pt">30</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-top:.15pt;mso-list:l2 level3 lfo7;tab-stops:63.5pt 63.55pt right dotted 362.25pt"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:81%">2.1.1<span style="font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:85%">Mirrors</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:.4pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:85%">and</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:.45pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:85%">Specular</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:.45pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.1pt;mso-font-width:85%">Reflectors</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;mso-hansi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";mso-bidi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";color:#231F20">............................................................... </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.25pt;mso-font-width:95%">30</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoListParagraph"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:81%">2.1.2<span style="font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:90%">Very<span style="letter-spacing:-.25pt"> </span>Matte <span style="letter-spacing:-.25pt"></span>Surfaces:<span style="letter-spacing:-.25pt"> </span>Lambertian<span style="letter-spacing:-.25pt"> </span><span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">Reflectors</span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;mso-hansi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";mso-bidi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";color:#231F20">........................................ </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.25pt">30</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-top:.25pt;mso-list:l2 level3 lfo7;tab-stops:63.5pt 63.55pt right dotted 362.25pt"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:81%">2.1.3<span style="font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:85%">Intermediate</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:2.05pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.1pt;mso-font-width:90%">Cases</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;mso-hansi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";mso-bidi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";color:#231F20">.................................................................................... </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.25pt;mso-font-width:95%">31</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-top:1.6pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:0cm;margin-left:32.7pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-indent:-27.65pt;mso-list:l2 level2 lfo7;tab-stops:32.7pt 32.75pt right dotted 362.25pt"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:81%">2.2<span style="font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.1pt;mso-font-width:90%">Light</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.1pt"> Transmission</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.05pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.1pt;mso-font-width:90%">Through</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20"> <span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt;mso-font-width:90%">Objects</span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;mso-hansi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";mso-bidi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";color:#231F20">................................................................. </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.25pt;mso-font-width:95%">31</span></p><p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-top:1.6pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:0cm;margin-left:32.7pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-indent:-27.65pt;mso-list:l2 level2 lfo7;tab-stops:32.7pt 32.75pt right dotted 362.25pt"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.25pt;mso-font-width:95%"><br></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-left:32.7pt;text-indent:-27.65pt;mso-list:l2 level2 lfo7;tab-stops:32.7pt 32.75pt right dotted 362.25pt"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:81%">2.3<span style="font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:85%">Angular</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:1.15pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:85%">Spectral</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:1.15pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:85%">Reflectance</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:1.1pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:85%">and</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:1.2pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.1pt;mso-font-width:85%">Transmittance</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;mso-hansi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";mso-bidi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";color:#231F20">.............................................. </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.25pt;mso-font-width:95%">32</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt"><o:p></o:p></span></p></div><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:0cm;line-height:normal;mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:none"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Bookman Old Style",serif;mso-fareast-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";mso-bidi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";mso-ansi-language:EN-US;mso-fareast-language:EN-US;mso-bidi-language:AR-SA"><br clear="all" style="page-break-before:always;mso-break-type:section-break"></span></p><div class="WordSection2"><p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-top:4.15pt;margin-right:6.0pt;margin-bottom:0cm;margin-left:32.7pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-indent:-27.65pt;line-height:100%;mso-list:l2 level2 lfo7;tab-stops:32.7pt 32.75pt dotted 352.3pt"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;line-height:100%;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:81%">2.4<span style="font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;line-height:100%;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:90%">Bi-DirectionalReflectance/Transmittance Distribution Function </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;line-height:100%;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.1pt">(BRDF/BTDF)</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;line-height:100%;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;mso-hansi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";mso-bidi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";color:#231F20"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;line-height:100%;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.5pt;mso-font-width:85%">33</span></p><p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-top:4.15pt;margin-right:6.0pt;margin-bottom:0cm;margin-left:32.7pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-indent:-27.65pt;line-height:100%;mso-list:l2 level2 lfo7;tab-stops:32.7pt 32.75pt dotted 352.3pt"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;line-height:100%;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.5pt;mso-font-width:85%"><br></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;line-height:100%"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-top:.15pt;mso-list:l2 level3 lfo7;tab-stops:63.5pt 63.55pt dotted 352.3pt"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:81%">2.4.1<span style="font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.1pt;mso-font-width:95%">Definition</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;mso-hansi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";mso-bidi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";color:#231F20">...................................................................................................... </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.25pt;mso-font-width:95%">33</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoListParagraph"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:81%">2.4.2<span style="font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:90%">BRDF</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.25pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:90%">of</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:.55pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:90%">Some</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:.5pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:90%">Typical</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:.5pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.1pt;mso-font-width:90%">Reflectors</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;mso-hansi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";mso-bidi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";color:#231F20">.......................................................... </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.25pt">34</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-top:.25pt;mso-list:l2 level3 lfo7;tab-stops:63.5pt 63.55pt dotted 352.3pt"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:81%">2.4.3<span style="font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:90%">Lambert</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;mso-bidi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";color:#231F20;mso-font-width:90%">’</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:90%">s</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.2pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:90%">Azimuthal</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.15pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:90%">Equal-Area</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.15pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.1pt;mso-font-width:90%">Projection</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;mso-bidi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";color:#231F20">........................................ </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.25pt">35</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoListParagraph"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:81%">2.4.4<span style="font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:90%">BRDF</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.15pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:90%">Measurement</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.2pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.1pt;mso-font-width:90%">Systems</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;mso-hansi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";mso-bidi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";color:#231F20">.................................................................. </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.25pt;mso-font-width:95%">36</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-top:.25pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:0cm;margin-left:32.7pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-indent:-27.65pt;mso-list:l2 level2 lfo7;tab-stops:32.7pt 32.75pt dotted 352.3pt"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:81%">2.5<span style="font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:85%">Spectral</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:1.15pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:85%">Reflectance</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:1.05pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:85%">and</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:1.1pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:85%">Transmittance</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:1.05pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.1pt;mso-font-width:85%">Factors</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;mso-hansi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";mso-bidi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";color:#231F20">............................................... </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.25pt;mso-font-width:95%">37</span></p><p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-top:.25pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:0cm;margin-left:32.7pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-indent:-27.65pt;mso-list:l2 level2 lfo7;tab-stops:32.7pt 32.75pt dotted 352.3pt"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.25pt;mso-font-width:95%"><br></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoListParagraph"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:81%">2.5.1<span style="font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:85%">Reflectance,</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:1.65pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.1pt;mso-font-width:95%">Transmittance</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;mso-hansi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";mso-bidi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";color:#231F20">...................................................................... </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.25pt;mso-font-width:95%">37</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-top:.25pt;mso-list:l2 level3 lfo7;tab-stops:63.5pt 63.55pt dotted 352.3pt"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:81%">2.5.2<span style="font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:85%">Spectral</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:2.25pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:85%">Reflectance/Transmittance</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:2.3pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.1pt;mso-font-width:85%">Factor</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;mso-hansi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";mso-bidi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";color:#231F20">........................................... </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.25pt;mso-font-width:95%">38</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-top:.15pt;mso-list:l2 level3 lfo7;tab-stops:63.5pt 63.55pt dotted 352.3pt"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:81%">2.5.3<span style="font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:85%">Spectral</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:1.2pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:85%">Radiance</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:1.2pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.1pt;mso-font-width:85%">Factor</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;mso-hansi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";mso-bidi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";color:#231F20">........................................................................... </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.25pt;mso-font-width:95%">39</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-top:.25pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:0cm;margin-left:32.7pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-indent:-27.65pt;mso-list:l2 level2 lfo7;tab-stops:32.7pt 32.75pt dotted 352.3pt"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:81%">2.6<span style="font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:85%">Geometries</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:.85pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:85%">and</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:.85pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:85%">Devices</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:.9pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:85%">for</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:.8pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:85%">the</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:.8pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:85%">Measurement</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:.8pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:85%">of</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:.85pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:85%">Reflectance</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:.75pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.1pt;mso-font-width:85%">Factors</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;mso-hansi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";mso-bidi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";color:#231F20">........... </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.25pt;mso-font-width:95%">39</span></p><p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-top:.25pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:0cm;margin-left:32.7pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-indent:-27.65pt;mso-list:l2 level2 lfo7;tab-stops:32.7pt 32.75pt dotted 352.3pt"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.25pt;mso-font-width:95%"><br></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoListParagraph"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:81%">2.6.1<span style="font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:90%">Nicodemus</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;mso-bidi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";color:#231F20;mso-font-width:90%">’<span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:90%">Nomenclature<span style="letter-spacing:-.35pt"> </span>for<span style="letter-spacing:-.35pt"> </span>Nine<span style="letter-spacing:-.45pt"> </span>Reflectance<span style="letter-spacing:-.4pt"> </span><span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">Factors</span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;mso-bidi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";color:#231F20">.................... </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.25pt;mso-font-width:95%">40</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-top:.25pt;mso-list:l2 level3 lfo7;tab-stops:63.5pt 63.55pt dotted 352.3pt"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:81%">2.6.2<span style="font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:85%">Geometries</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:1.45pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:85%">Using</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:1.45pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:85%">Integrating</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:1.35pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.1pt;mso-font-width:85%">Spheres</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;mso-hansi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";mso-bidi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";color:#231F20">..................................................... </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.25pt;mso-font-width:95%">41</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoListParagraph"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:81%">2.6.3<span style="font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.1pt;mso-font-width:90%">Bidirectional</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.05pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.1pt;mso-font-width:90%">and</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.1pt"> Annular</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.05pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.1pt;mso-font-width:90%">Geometries</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;mso-hansi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";mso-bidi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";color:#231F20">.................................................. </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.25pt;mso-font-width:95%">43</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-top:.25pt;mso-list:l2 level3 lfo7;tab-stops:63.5pt 63.55pt dotted 352.3pt"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:81%">2.6.4<span style="font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:85%">Effective</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:1.15pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:85%">Measurement</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:1.15pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.1pt;mso-font-width:85%">Geometry</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;mso-hansi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";mso-bidi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";color:#231F20">.............................................................. </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.25pt;mso-font-width:95%">43</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-left:32.7pt;text-indent:-27.65pt;mso-list:l2 level2 lfo7;tab-stops:32.7pt 32.75pt dotted 352.3pt"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:81%">2.7<span style="font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:85%">Surface</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:.85pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:85%">Distribution</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:.9pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.1pt;mso-font-width:85%">Functions</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;mso-hansi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";mso-bidi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";color:#231F20">............................................................................... </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.25pt;mso-font-width:95%">45</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-top:.25pt;mso-list:l2 level3 lfo7;tab-stops:63.5pt 63.55pt"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:81%">2.7.1<span style="font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:85%">Bidirectional</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:1.65pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:85%">Scattering-Surface</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:1.55pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:85%">Reflectance</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:1.65pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.1pt;mso-font-width:85%">Distribution</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 10pt; letter-spacing: -0.1pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: rgb(35, 31, 32);">Function</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: rgb(35, 31, 32); letter-spacing: 0.6pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: rgb(35, 31, 32); letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">(BSSRDF)</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; color: rgb(35, 31, 32);">..................................................... </span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: rgb(35, 31, 32); letter-spacing: -0.25pt;">45</span></p><p class="MsoListParagraph"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:81%">2.7.2<span style="font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:90%">Point<span style="letter-spacing:-.5pt"> </span>Spread<span style="letter-spacing:-.4pt"> </span>Function<span style="letter-spacing:-.45pt"> </span><span style="letter-spacing:-.2pt">(PSF)</span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;mso-hansi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";mso-bidi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";color:#231F20">.................................................................... </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.25pt">46</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoBodyText" style="margin-top:12.15pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:0cm;margin-left:5.1pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;tab-stops:362.25pt"><u><span lang="EN-US" style="color:#231F20">CHAPTER<span style="letter-spacing:.95pt"> </span><span style="letter-spacing:-.5pt">3</span> </span></u><span lang="EN-US" style="color: rgb(35, 31, 32);">Visual<span style="letter-spacing:-.25pt"> </span>Characterization<span style="letter-spacing:-.2pt"> </span>of<span style="letter-spacing:-.25pt"> </span><span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">Surfaces</span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; color: rgb(35, 31, 32);">............................................................................... </span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: rgb(35, 31, 32); letter-spacing: -0.25pt;">49</span></p><p class="MsoBodyText" style="margin-top:12.15pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:0cm;margin-left:5.1pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;tab-stops:362.25pt"><span lang="EN-US" style="color: rgb(35, 31, 32); letter-spacing: -0.25pt;"><br></span></p><p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-left:32.7pt;text-indent:-27.65pt;mso-list:l7 level2 lfo6;tab-stops:32.7pt 32.75pt dotted 352.3pt"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:81%">3.1<span style="font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:90%">Color</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.3pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:90%">and</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.25pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.1pt;mso-font-width:90%">Colorimetry</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;mso-hansi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";mso-bidi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";color:#231F20">........................................................................................... </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.25pt">51</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoListParagraph"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:81%">3.1.1<span style="font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:95%">A</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.1pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:95%">Relative</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.15pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.1pt;mso-font-width:95%">Perception</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;mso-hansi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";mso-bidi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";color:#231F20">............................................................................... </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.25pt">51</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-top:.25pt;mso-list:l7 level3 lfo6;tab-stops:63.5pt 63.55pt dotted 352.3pt"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:81%">3.1.2<span style="font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:90%">Color</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.25pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:90%">Mixing</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.25pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:90%">and</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.25pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:90%">Early</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.25pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:90%">Color</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.2pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:90%">Representation</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.25pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.1pt;mso-font-width:90%">Systems</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;mso-hansi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";mso-bidi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";color:#231F20">..................... </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.25pt">53</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoListParagraph"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:81%">3.1.3<span style="font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.1pt;mso-font-width:95%">Trichromacy</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;mso-hansi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";mso-bidi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";color:#231F20">................................................................................................ </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.25pt;mso-font-width:95%">56</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoListParagraph"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:81%">3.1.4<span style="font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:95%">CIE<span style="letter-spacing:-.45pt"> </span>1931<span style="letter-spacing:-.45pt"> </span>RGB<span style="letter-spacing:-.45pt"> </span>and<span style="letter-spacing:-.55pt"> </span>XYZ<span style="letter-spacing:-.45pt"> </span>Color<span style="letter-spacing:-.45pt"></span><span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">Spaces</span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;mso-hansi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";mso-bidi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";color:#231F20">................................................ </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.25pt">57</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-top:.25pt;mso-list:l7 level3 lfo6;tab-stops:63.5pt 63.55pt dotted 352.3pt"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:81%">3.1.5<span style="font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:90%">CIE<span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt"> </span>1931<span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt"> </span>Chromaticity<span style="letter-spacing:-.15pt"> </span><span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">Diagram</span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;mso-hansi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";mso-bidi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";color:#231F20">............................................................ </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.25pt">59</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoListParagraph"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:81%">3.1.6<span style="font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:90%">Color<span style="letter-spacing:-.2pt"> </span>of<span style="letter-spacing:-.15pt"> </span>Light<span style="letter-spacing:-.15pt"> </span>Sources<span style="letter-spacing:-.15pt"></span>and<span style="letter-spacing:-.25pt"> </span><span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">Illuminants</span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;mso-hansi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";mso-bidi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";color:#231F20">................................................. </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.25pt;mso-font-width:95%">61</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-top:.25pt;mso-list:l7 level3 lfo6;tab-stops:63.5pt 63.55pt dotted 352.3pt"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:81%">3.1.7<span style="font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:90%">CIE</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20"> 1976 L*a*b*Color<span style="letter-spacing:-.05pt"></span>Space<span style="letter-spacing:-.05pt"> </span>and<span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt"> </span>Color<span style="letter-spacing:-.05pt"> </span>Appearance<span style="letter-spacing:.05pt"> </span><span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt;mso-font-width:90%">Models</span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;mso-hansi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";mso-bidi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";color:#231F20">......... </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.25pt">62</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-top:.15pt;mso-list:l7 level3 lfo6;tab-stops:63.5pt 63.55pt dotted 352.3pt"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:81%">3.1.8<span style="font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:90%">Von</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.25pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:90%">Kries</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.25pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:90%">Chromatic</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.25pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.1pt;mso-font-width:90%">Adaptation</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;mso-hansi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";mso-bidi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";color:#231F20">............................................................ </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.25pt">66</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-top:.25pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:0cm;margin-left:32.7pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-indent:-27.65pt;mso-list:l7 level2 lfo6;tab-stops:32.7pt 32.75pt dotted 352.3pt"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:81%">3.2<span style="font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:90%">Color<span style="letter-spacing:-.5pt"> </span>Measurement<span style="letter-spacing:-.4pt"> </span>and<span style="letter-spacing:-.45pt"> </span>Color<span style="letter-spacing:-.45pt"> </span><span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">Imaging</span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;mso-hansi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";mso-bidi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";color:#231F20">.............................................................. </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.25pt;mso-font-width:95%">67</span></p><p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-top:.25pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:0cm;margin-left:32.7pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-indent:-27.65pt;mso-list:l7 level2 lfo6;tab-stops:32.7pt 32.75pt dotted 352.3pt"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.25pt;mso-font-width:95%"><br></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoListParagraph"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:81%">3.2.1<span style="font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 10pt;"><font color="#231f20">Color</font><span style="color: rgb(35, 31, 32); letter-spacing: -0.25pt;"> </span><font color="#231f20">Characterization</font><span style="color: rgb(35, 31, 32); letter-spacing: -0.15pt;"> </span><font color="#231f20">of</font><span style="color: rgb(35, 31, 32); letter-spacing: -0.25pt;"> </span><font color="#231f20">a</font><span style="color: rgb(35, 31, 32); letter-spacing: -0.2pt;"> </span><font color="#231f20">Surface</font><span style="color: rgb(35, 31, 32); letter-spacing: -0.15pt;"></span><font color="#231f20">by</font><span style="color: rgb(35, 31, 32); letter-spacing: -0.25pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;"><font color="#231f20">Using</font> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: rgb(35, 31, 32);">a<span style="letter-spacing:-.3pt"> </span><span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">Spectrophotometer</span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; color: rgb(35, 31, 32);">..................................... </span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: rgb(35, 31, 32); letter-spacing: -0.25pt;">67</span></p><p class="MsoListParagraph"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:81%">3.2.2<span style="font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.1pt;mso-font-width:95%">Metamerism</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;mso-hansi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";mso-bidi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";color:#231F20">................................................................................................. </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.25pt;mso-font-width:95%">69</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-top:.25pt;mso-list:l7 level3 lfo6;tab-stops:63.5pt 63.55pt dotted 352.3pt"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:81%">3.2.3<span style="font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:90%">Color<span style="letter-spacing:-.5pt"> </span>and<span style="letter-spacing:-.4pt"> </span>Spectral<span style="letter-spacing:-.4pt"> </span>Measurement<span style="letter-spacing:-.4pt"> </span>by<span style="letter-spacing:-.45pt"> </span>Imaging<span style="letter-spacing:-.45pt"> </span><span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">Techniques</span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;mso-hansi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";mso-bidi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";color:#231F20">................. </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.25pt;mso-font-width:95%">70</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoListParagraph"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:81%">3.2.4<span style="font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:90%">Measuring<span style="letter-spacing:-.35pt"> </span>the<span style="letter-spacing:-.3pt"> </span>Spectral<span style="letter-spacing:-.25pt"> </span>Response<span style="letter-spacing:-.3pt"></span>of<span style="letter-spacing:-.3pt"> </span>an<span style="letter-spacing:-.3pt"> </span>RGB<span style="letter-spacing:-.25pt"> </span><span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">Camera</span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;mso-hansi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";mso-bidi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";color:#231F20">........................ </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.25pt;mso-font-width:95%">73</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-top:.25pt;mso-list:l7 level3 lfo6;tab-stops:63.5pt 63.55pt dotted 352.3pt"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:81%">3.2.5<span style="font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:90%">Color</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:.05pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:90%">Calibration</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:.05pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:90%">of</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:.15pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:90%">an</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:.1pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:90%">RGB</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:.1pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:90%">Imaging</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:.15pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.1pt;mso-font-width:90%">System</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;mso-hansi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";mso-bidi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";color:#231F20">..................................... </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.25pt">74</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-top:.15pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:0cm;margin-left:32.7pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-indent:-27.65pt;mso-list:l7 level2 lfo6;tab-stops:32.7pt 32.75pt dotted 352.3pt"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:81%">3.3<span style="font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.1pt;mso-font-width:95%">Gloss</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;mso-hansi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";mso-bidi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";color:#231F20">.......................................................................................................................... </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.25pt;mso-font-width:95%">77</span></p><p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-top:.15pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:0cm;margin-left:32.7pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-indent:-27.65pt;mso-list:l7 level2 lfo6;tab-stops:32.7pt 32.75pt dotted 352.3pt"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.25pt;mso-font-width:95%"><br></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoListParagraph"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:81%">3.3.1<span style="font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:90%">Definition</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.2pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:90%">for</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.15pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.1pt;mso-font-width:90%">Gloss</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;mso-hansi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";mso-bidi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";color:#231F20">.................................................................................... </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.25pt;mso-font-width:95%">77</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-top:.25pt;mso-list:l7 level3 lfo6;tab-stops:63.5pt 63.55pt dotted 352.3pt"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:81%">3.3.2<span style="font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:85%">Gloss</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:.2pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.1pt;mso-font-width:95%">Measurement</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;mso-hansi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";mso-bidi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";color:#231F20">................................................................................... </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.25pt;mso-font-width:95%">78</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoBodyText" style="margin-top:12.1pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:0cm;margin-left:5.1pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;tab-stops:362.25pt"><u><span lang="EN-US" style="color:#231F20">CHAPTER<span style="letter-spacing:.95pt"> </span><span style="letter-spacing:-.5pt">4</span> </span></u><span lang="EN-US" style="color: rgb(35, 31, 32); letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">Plane</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: rgb(35, 31, 32); letter-spacing: -0.2pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: rgb(35, 31, 32); letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">Optical</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: rgb(35, 31, 32); letter-spacing: -0.1pt;"> Interfaces</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: rgb(35, 31, 32); letter-spacing: -0.15pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: rgb(35, 31, 32); letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">and</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: rgb(35, 31, 32); letter-spacing: -0.15pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: rgb(35, 31, 32); letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">Transparent</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: rgb(35, 31, 32); letter-spacing: -0.15pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: rgb(35, 31, 32); letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">Layers</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; color: rgb(35, 31, 32);">........................................................ </span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: rgb(35, 31, 32); letter-spacing: -0.25pt;">81</span></p><p class="MsoBodyText" style="margin-top:12.1pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:0cm;margin-left:5.1pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;tab-stops:362.25pt"><span lang="EN-US" style="color: rgb(35, 31, 32); letter-spacing: -0.25pt;"><br></span></p><p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-left:32.7pt;text-indent:-27.65pt;mso-list:l0 level2 lfo5;tab-stops:32.7pt 32.75pt dotted 352.3pt"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:81%">4.1<span style="font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:85%">Radiance</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:.7pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:85%">Reflection</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:.8pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:85%">and</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:.7pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:85%">Transmission</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:.75pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:85%">at</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:.65pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:85%">an</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:.75pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.1pt;mso-font-width:85%">Interface</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;mso-hansi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";mso-bidi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";color:#231F20">...................................... </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.25pt;mso-font-width:95%">82</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt"><o:p></o:p></span></p></div><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:0cm;line-height:normal;mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:none"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Bookman Old Style",serif;mso-fareast-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";mso-bidi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";mso-ansi-language:EN-US;mso-fareast-language:EN-US;mso-bidi-language:AR-SA"><br clear="all" style="page-break-before:always;mso-break-type:section-break"></span></p><div class="WordSection3"><p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-top:4.15pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:0cm;margin-left:32.7pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-indent:-27.65pt;mso-list:l0 level2 lfo5;tab-stops:32.7pt 32.75pt right dotted 362.25pt"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:81%">4.2<span style="font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:85%">Bi-Hemispherical</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:1.0pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:85%">Reflectance</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:.95pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:85%">and</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:.95pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:85%">Transmittance</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:1.05pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:85%">of</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:.8pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:85%">an</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:.95pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.1pt;mso-font-width:85%">Interface</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;mso-hansi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";mso-bidi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";color:#231F20">.................. </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.25pt;mso-font-width:95%">84</span></p><p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-top:4.15pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:0cm;margin-left:32.7pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-indent:-27.65pt;mso-list:l0 level2 lfo5;tab-stops:32.7pt 32.75pt right dotted 362.25pt"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.25pt;mso-font-width:95%"><br></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-top:.15pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:0cm;margin-left:32.7pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-indent:-27.65pt;mso-list:l0 level2 lfo5;tab-stops:32.7pt 32.75pt right dotted 362.25pt"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:81%">4.3<span style="font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:90%">Metals<span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt"> </span>and</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.35pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:90%">Strongly<span style="letter-spacing:-.05pt"> </span>Absorbing<span style="letter-spacing:-.05pt"> </span><span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">Media</span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;mso-hansi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";mso-bidi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";color:#231F20">............................................................... </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.25pt">86</span></p><p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-top:.15pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:0cm;margin-left:32.7pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-indent:-27.65pt;mso-list:l0 level2 lfo5;tab-stops:32.7pt 32.75pt right dotted 362.25pt"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.25pt"><br></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-top:.25pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:0cm;margin-left:32.7pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-indent:-27.65pt;mso-list:l0 level2 lfo5;tab-stops:32.7pt 32.75pt right dotted 362.25pt"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:81%">4.4<span style="font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:90%">Angular<span style="letter-spacing:-.25pt"> </span>Reflectance<span style="letter-spacing:-.25pt"> </span>and<span style="letter-spacing:-.25pt"> </span>Transmittance<span style="letter-spacing:-.25pt"> </span>of<span style="letter-spacing:-.25pt"> </span>a<span style="letter-spacing:-.35pt"> </span>Clear <span style="letter-spacing:-.25pt"></span><span style="letter-spacing:-.2pt">Plate</span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;mso-hansi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";mso-bidi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";color:#231F20">............................... </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.25pt">88</span></p><p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-top:.25pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:0cm;margin-left:32.7pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-indent:-27.65pt;mso-list:l0 level2 lfo5;tab-stops:32.7pt 32.75pt right dotted 362.25pt"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.25pt"><br></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoListParagraph"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:81%">4.4.1<span style="font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:90%">Angular<span style="letter-spacing:-.35pt"> </span>Reflectance<span style="letter-spacing:-.3pt"> </span>and<span style="letter-spacing:-.3pt"> </span><span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">Transmittance</span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;mso-hansi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";mso-bidi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";color:#231F20">............................................... </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.25pt;mso-font-width:95%">88</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-top:.25pt;mso-list:l0 level3 lfo5;tab-stops:63.5pt 63.55pt right dotted 362.25pt"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:81%">4.4.2<span style="font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:85%">Bi-Hemispherical</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:1.05pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:85%">Reflectance</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:1.2pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:85%">and</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:1.15pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.1pt;mso-font-width:85%">Transmittance</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;mso-hansi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";mso-bidi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";color:#231F20">................................. </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.25pt;mso-font-width:95%">91</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-left:32.7pt;text-indent:-27.65pt;mso-list:l0 level2 lfo5;tab-stops:32.7pt 32.75pt right dotted 362.25pt"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:81%">4.5<span style="font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:90%">Spectral<span style="letter-spacing:-.4pt"> </span>Transmittance<span style="letter-spacing:-.45pt"> </span>of<span style="letter-spacing:-.45pt"> </span>Absorbing<span style="letter-spacing:-.4pt"> </span><span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">Layers</span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;mso-hansi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";mso-bidi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";color:#231F20">.................................................... </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.25pt">93</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-top:.25pt;mso-list:l0 level3 lfo5;tab-stops:63.5pt 63.55pt right dotted 362.25pt"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:81%">4.5.1<span style="font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:90%">Bouguer</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;mso-bidi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";color:#231F20;mso-font-width:90%">’</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:90%">s<span style="letter-spacing:-.3pt"> </span>Law<span style="letter-spacing:-.45pt"> </span>and<span style="letter-spacing:-.4pt"> </span>Beer</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;mso-bidi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";color:#231F20;mso-font-width:90%">’</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:90%">s<span style="letter-spacing:-.3pt"> </span><span style="letter-spacing:-.25pt">Law</span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;mso-bidi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";color:#231F20">............................................................... </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.25pt">93</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoListParagraph"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:81%">4.5.2<span style="font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:90%">Piles</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.2pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:90%">of</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.15pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:90%">Absorbing</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.15pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:90%">Layers</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.15pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:90%">and</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.2pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:90%">Mixing</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.15pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:90%">of</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.15pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:90%">Absorbing</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.15pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.1pt;mso-font-width:90%">Media</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;mso-hansi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";mso-bidi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";color:#231F20">.............. </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.25pt">95</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-top:.25pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:0cm;margin-left:32.7pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-indent:-27.65pt;mso-list:l0 level2 lfo5;tab-stops:32.7pt 32.75pt right dotted 362.25pt"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:81%">4.6<span style="font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:90%">Spectral<span style="letter-spacing:-.5pt"> </span>Reflectance<span style="letter-spacing:-.45pt"> </span>and<span style="letter-spacing:-.45pt"> </span>Transmittance<span style="letter-spacing:-.5pt"> </span>of<span style="letter-spacing:-.45pt"> </span>an<span style="letter-spacing:-.5pt"> </span>Absorbing <span style="letter-spacing:-.45pt"></span><span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">Plate</span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;mso-hansi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";mso-bidi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";color:#231F20">................... </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.25pt">95</span></p><p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-top:.25pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:0cm;margin-left:32.7pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-indent:-27.65pt;mso-list:l0 level2 lfo5;tab-stops:32.7pt 32.75pt right dotted 362.25pt"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.25pt"><br></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-top:.15pt;mso-list:l0 level3 lfo5;tab-stops:63.5pt 63.55pt right dotted 362.25pt"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:81%">4.6.1<span style="font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:90%">Angular<span style="letter-spacing:-.35pt"> </span>Reflectance<span style="letter-spacing:-.3pt"> </span>and<span style="letter-spacing:-.3pt"> </span><span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">Transmittance</span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;mso-hansi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";mso-bidi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";color:#231F20">............................................... </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.25pt;mso-font-width:95%">96</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoListParagraph"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:81%">4.6.2<span style="font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:85%">Bi-Hemispherical</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:1.05pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:85%">Reflectance</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:1.2pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:85%">and</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:1.15pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.1pt;mso-font-width:85%">Transmittance</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;mso-hansi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";mso-bidi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";color:#231F20">................................. </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.25pt;mso-font-width:95%">97</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-top:.25pt;mso-list:l0 level3 lfo5;tab-stops:63.5pt 63.55pt right dotted 362.25pt"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:81%">4.6.3<span style="font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:90%">Obtaining<span style="letter-spacing:-.3pt"> </span>the<span style="letter-spacing:-.2pt"> </span>Intrinsic<span style="letter-spacing:-.15pt"> </span>Parameters<span style="letter-spacing:-.25pt"> </span>of<span style="letter-spacing:-.2pt"> </span>an<span style="letter-spacing:-.2pt"> </span>Absorbing <span style="letter-spacing:-.25pt"></span><span style="letter-spacing:-.2pt">Plate</span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;mso-hansi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";mso-bidi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";color:#231F20">............... </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.25pt">98</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-left:32.7pt;text-indent:-27.65pt;mso-list:l0 level2 lfo5;tab-stops:32.7pt 32.75pt right dotted 362.25pt"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:81%">4.7<span style="font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:85%">Extensions</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:.25pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:85%">and</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:.25pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.1pt;mso-font-width:85%">Applications</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;mso-hansi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";mso-bidi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";color:#231F20">.................................................................................. </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.25pt;mso-font-width:95%">99</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoBodyText" style="margin-top:12.15pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:0cm;margin-left:5.1pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;tab-stops:362.25pt"><u><span lang="EN-US" style="color:#231F20">CHAPTER<span style="letter-spacing:.95pt"> </span><span style="letter-spacing:-.5pt">5</span> </span></u><span lang="EN-US" style="color: rgb(35, 31, 32);">Transparent<span style="letter-spacing:-.25pt"> </span>Multilayers:<span style="letter-spacing:-.2pt"> </span>Two-Flux<span style="letter-spacing:-.25pt"> </span>Models<span style="letter-spacing:-.25pt"> </span>for<span style="letter-spacing:-.25pt"> </span>Directional<span style="letter-spacing:-.25pt"> </span><span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">Light</span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; color: rgb(35, 31, 32);">......................... </span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: rgb(35, 31, 32); letter-spacing: -0.25pt;">101</span></p><p class="MsoBodyText" style="margin-top:12.15pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:0cm;margin-left:5.1pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;tab-stops:362.25pt"><span lang="EN-US" style="color: rgb(35, 31, 32); letter-spacing: -0.25pt;"><br></span></p><p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-top:.25pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:0cm;margin-left:32.7pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-indent:-27.65pt;mso-list:l3 level2 lfo4;tab-stops:32.7pt 32.75pt right dotted 362.25pt"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:81%">5.1<span style="font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:90%">Piles<span style="letter-spacing:-.2pt"> </span>of<span style="letter-spacing:-.2pt"> </span>Transparent<span style="letter-spacing:-.15pt"> </span>Plates <span style="letter-spacing:-.2pt"></span>Separated<span style="letter-spacing:-.15pt"> </span>by<span style="letter-spacing:-.2pt"> </span><span style="letter-spacing:-.25pt">Air</span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;mso-hansi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";mso-bidi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";color:#231F20">................................................. </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.25pt">102</span></p><p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-top:.25pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:0cm;margin-left:32.7pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-indent:-27.65pt;mso-list:l3 level2 lfo4;tab-stops:32.7pt 32.75pt right dotted 362.25pt"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.25pt"><br></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoListParagraph"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:81%">5.1.1<span style="font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:90%">Angular<span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt"> </span>Reflectance</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.3pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:90%">and</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.35pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:90%">Transmittance</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.3pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:90%">of</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.35pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:90%">Two</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.3pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.1pt;mso-font-width:90%">Plates</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;mso-hansi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";mso-bidi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";color:#231F20">.................. </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.25pt">103</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoListParagraph"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:81%">5.1.2<span style="font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:85%">Generalization</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:1.45pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:85%">to</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:1.85pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:85%">Non-Symmetric</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:1.85pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.1pt;mso-font-width:85%">Plates</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;mso-hansi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";mso-bidi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";color:#231F20">............................................ </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.25pt">105</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-top:.25pt;line-height:12.1pt;mso-line-height-rule:exactly;mso-list:l3 level3 lfo4;tab-stops:63.5pt 63.55pt right dotted 362.25pt"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:81%">5.1.3<span style="font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:90%">Generalization</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.25pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:90%">to</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:.05pt"> </span><i><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Book Antiqua",serif;mso-hansi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";color:#231F20;mso-font-width:90%">N</span></i><i><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Book Antiqua",serif;mso-hansi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";color:#231F20;letter-spacing:.6pt"> </span></i><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:90%">Plates:</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:.05pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:90%">Iterative</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20"> <span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt;mso-font-width:90%">Model</span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;mso-hansi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";mso-bidi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";color:#231F20">...................................... </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.25pt">105</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-top:0cm;line-height:11.95pt;mso-line-height-rule:exactly;mso-list:l3 level3 lfo4;tab-stops:63.5pt 63.55pt right dotted 362.25pt"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:81%">5.1.4<span style="font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:90%">Generalization</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.35pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:90%">to</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.05pt"> </span><i><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Book Antiqua",serif;mso-hansi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";color:#231F20;mso-font-width:90%">N</span></i><i><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Book Antiqua",serif;mso-hansi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";color:#231F20;letter-spacing:.5pt"> </span></i><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:90%">Plates:</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.05pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:90%">Flux</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.1pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:90%">Transfer</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.1pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:90%">Matrix</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.05pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.1pt;mso-font-width:90%">Model</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;mso-hansi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";mso-bidi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";color:#231F20">............... </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.25pt">105</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-top:0cm;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:0cm;margin-left:32.7pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-indent:-27.65pt;line-height:11.6pt;mso-line-height-rule:exactly;mso-list:l3 level2 lfo4;tab-stops:32.7pt 32.75pt right dotted 362.25pt"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:81%">5.2<span style="font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:90%">Piles</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.25pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:90%">of</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.2pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:90%">Identical</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.15pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.1pt;mso-font-width:90%">Plates</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;mso-hansi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";mso-bidi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";color:#231F20">...................................................................................... </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.25pt">108</span></p><p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-top:0cm;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:0cm;margin-left:32.7pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-indent:-27.65pt;line-height:11.6pt;mso-line-height-rule:exactly;mso-list:l3 level2 lfo4;tab-stops:32.7pt 32.75pt right dotted 362.25pt"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.25pt"><br></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-top:.15pt;mso-list:l3 level3 lfo4;tab-stops:63.5pt 63.55pt right dotted 362.25pt"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:81%">5.2.1<span style="font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:90%">Angular<span style="letter-spacing:-.35pt"> </span>Reflectance<span style="letter-spacing:-.3pt"> </span>and<span style="letter-spacing:-.3pt"> </span><span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">Transmittance</span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;mso-hansi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";mso-bidi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";color:#231F20">............................................. </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.25pt;mso-font-width:95%">108</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-top:.25pt;mso-list:l3 level3 lfo4;tab-stops:63.5pt 63.55pt right dotted 362.25pt"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:81%">5.2.2<span style="font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:90%">Degree</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.3pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:90%">of<span style="letter-spacing:-.05pt"> </span><span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">Polarization</span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;mso-hansi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";mso-bidi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";color:#231F20">............................................................................ </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.25pt">112</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoListParagraph"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:81%">5.2.3<span style="font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:85%">Bi-Hemispherical</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:1.05pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:85%">Reflectance</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:1.2pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:85%">and</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:1.15pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.1pt;mso-font-width:85%">Transmittance</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;mso-hansi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";mso-bidi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";color:#231F20">.............................. </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.25pt;mso-font-width:95%">116</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-top:.25pt;mso-list:l3 level3 lfo4;tab-stops:63.5pt 63.55pt right dotted 362.25pt"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:81%">5.2.4<span style="font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:85%">Generalization</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:1.45pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:85%">to</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:1.85pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:85%">Non-Symmetric</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:1.85pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.1pt;mso-font-width:85%">Plates</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;mso-hansi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";mso-bidi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";color:#231F20">............................................ </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.25pt">117</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height:12.1pt;mso-line-height-rule:exactly;mso-list:l3 level3 lfo4;tab-stops:63.5pt 63.55pt right dotted 362.25pt"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:81%">5.2.5<span style="font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:90%">Invariance<span style="letter-spacing:-.5pt"> </span>of<span style="letter-spacing:-.35pt"> </span>Parameter<span style="letter-spacing:-.5pt"> </span></span><i><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Book Antiqua",serif;mso-hansi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.5pt;mso-font-width:90%">a</span></i><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;mso-hansi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";mso-bidi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";color:#231F20">...................................................................... </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.25pt">118</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-top:0cm;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:0cm;margin-left:32.7pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-indent:-27.65pt;line-height:11.6pt;mso-line-height-rule:exactly;mso-list:l3 level2 lfo4;tab-stops:32.7pt 32.75pt right dotted 362.25pt"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:81%">5.3<span style="font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:90%">Layers<span style="letter-spacing:-.25pt"> </span>of<span style="letter-spacing:-.15pt"> </span>Different<span style="letter-spacing:-.15pt"> </span>Refractive<span style="letter-spacing:-.25pt"> </span>Indices<span style="letter-spacing:-.2pt"> </span>in<span style="letter-spacing:-.15pt"> </span>Optical <span style="letter-spacing:-.15pt"></span><span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">Contact</span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;mso-hansi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";mso-bidi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";color:#231F20">............................ </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.25pt">118</span></p><p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-top:0cm;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:0cm;margin-left:32.7pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-indent:-27.65pt;line-height:11.6pt;mso-line-height-rule:exactly;mso-list:l3 level2 lfo4;tab-stops:32.7pt 32.75pt right dotted 362.25pt"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.25pt"><br></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-top:.25pt;mso-list:l3 level3 lfo4;tab-stops:63.5pt 63.55pt right dotted 362.25pt"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:81%">5.3.1<span style="font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:90%">Flux<span style="letter-spacing:-.25pt"> </span>Transfer <span style="letter-spacing:-.25pt"></span>Matrices<span style="letter-spacing:-.25pt"> </span>for<span style="letter-spacing:-.25pt"> </span>Layers<span style="letter-spacing:-.3pt"></span>and<span style="letter-spacing:-.3pt"> </span><span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">Interfaces</span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;mso-hansi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";mso-bidi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";color:#231F20">............................. </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.25pt;mso-font-width:95%">119</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoListParagraph"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:81%">5.3.2<span style="font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:90%">Examples<span style="letter-spacing:-.35pt"> </span>of<span style="letter-spacing:-.35pt"> </span><span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">Multilayers</span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;mso-hansi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";mso-bidi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";color:#231F20">......................................................................... </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.25pt;mso-font-width:95%">120</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoListParagraph"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:81%">5.3.3<span style="font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:90%">Optical<span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt"> </span>Characterization</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.3pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:90%">of<span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">Liquids</span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;mso-hansi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";mso-bidi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";color:#231F20">.................................................... </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.25pt">121</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoListParagraph"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:81%">5.3.4<span style="font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:95%">Total<span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.1pt">Reflections</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;mso-hansi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";mso-bidi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";color:#231F20">................................................................................... </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.25pt">122</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoListParagraph"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:81%">5.3.5<span style="font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:90%">Nonpolarity<span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt"> </span>of</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.2pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:90%">Directional</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.15pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.1pt;mso-font-width:90%">Transmittance</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;mso-hansi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";mso-bidi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";color:#231F20">......................................... </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.25pt">123</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-top:.25pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:0cm;margin-left:32.7pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-indent:-27.65pt;mso-list:l3 level2 lfo4;tab-stops:32.7pt 32.75pt right dotted 362.25pt"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:81%">5.4<span style="font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.1pt;mso-font-width:95%">Examples</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;mso-hansi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";mso-bidi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";color:#231F20">.............................................................................................................. </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.25pt;mso-font-width:95%">124</span></p><p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-top:.25pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:0cm;margin-left:32.7pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-indent:-27.65pt;mso-list:l3 level2 lfo4;tab-stops:32.7pt 32.75pt right dotted 362.25pt"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.25pt;mso-font-width:95%"><br></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoListParagraph"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:81%">5.4.1<span style="font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:90%">Piles</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.35pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:90%">of</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.3pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:90%">Colored</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.25pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:90%">Films</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.3pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:90%">Separated</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.3pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:90%">by</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.35pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.25pt;mso-font-width:90%">Air</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;mso-hansi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";mso-bidi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";color:#231F20">............................................. </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.25pt">124</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-top:.25pt;mso-list:l3 level3 lfo4;tab-stops:63.5pt 63.55pt right dotted 362.25pt"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:81%">5.4.2<span style="font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:90%">Piles<span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt"> </span>of<span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt"> </span>Colored<span style="letter-spacing:-.05pt"> </span>Films<span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt"> </span>Separated<span style="letter-spacing:-.05pt"> </span>by<span style="letter-spacing:-.15pt"> </span>Different<span style="letter-spacing:-.15pt"> </span><span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">Media</span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;mso-hansi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";mso-bidi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";color:#231F20">....................... </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.25pt;mso-font-width:95%">125</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-left:32.7pt;text-indent:-27.65pt;mso-list:l3 level2 lfo4;tab-stops:32.7pt 32.75pt right dotted 362.25pt"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:81%">5.5<span style="font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:90%">Piles</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.3pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:90%">of</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.25pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:90%">Films</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.25pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:90%">on</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.3pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:90%">Top</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.1pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:90%">of</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.35pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:90%">a</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.25pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:90%">Specular</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.25pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.1pt;mso-font-width:90%">Background</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;mso-hansi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";mso-bidi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";color:#231F20">.......................................... </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.25pt;mso-font-width:95%">130</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoBodyText" style="margin-top:12.15pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:0cm;margin-left:5.1pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;tab-stops:362.25pt"><u><span lang="EN-US" style="color:#231F20">CHAPTER<span style="letter-spacing:.95pt"> </span><span style="letter-spacing:-.5pt">6</span> </span></u><span lang="EN-US" style="color: rgb(35, 31, 32);">Diffusing<span style="letter-spacing:-.4pt"> </span>Layers<span style="letter-spacing:-.4pt"> </span>and<span style="letter-spacing:-.5pt"> </span>Multilayers:<span style="letter-spacing:-.4pt"> </span>Two-Flux<span style="letter-spacing:-.35pt"> </span>Models<span style="letter-spacing:-.4pt"> </span>for<span style="letter-spacing:-.4pt"> </span>Diffuse<span style="letter-spacing:-.4pt"> </span><span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">Light</span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; color: rgb(35, 31, 32);">................. </span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: rgb(35, 31, 32); letter-spacing: -0.25pt;">133</span></p><p class="MsoBodyText" style="margin-top:12.15pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:0cm;margin-left:5.1pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;tab-stops:362.25pt"><span lang="EN-US" style="color: rgb(35, 31, 32); letter-spacing: -0.25pt;"><br></span></p><p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-top:.25pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:0cm;margin-left:32.7pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-indent:-27.65pt;mso-list:l1 level2 lfo3;tab-stops:32.7pt 32.75pt right dotted 362.25pt"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:81%">6.1<span style="font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:90%">The</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.3pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:90%">Kubelka</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;mso-bidi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";color:#231F20;mso-font-width:90%">–</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:90%">Munk</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.25pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.2pt;mso-font-width:90%">Model</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;mso-bidi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";color:#231F20">................................................................................. </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.25pt">134</span></p><p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-top:.25pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:0cm;margin-left:32.7pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-indent:-27.65pt;mso-list:l1 level2 lfo3;tab-stops:32.7pt 32.75pt right dotted 362.25pt"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.25pt"><br></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoListParagraph"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:81%">6.1.1<span style="font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:90%">The<span style="letter-spacing:-.3pt"> </span>Kubelka</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;mso-bidi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";color:#231F20;mso-font-width:90%">–</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:90%">Munk<span style="letter-spacing:-.25pt"> </span>Differential<span style="letter-spacing:-.3pt"> </span><span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">Equations</span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;mso-bidi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";color:#231F20">........................................ </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.25pt;mso-font-width:95%">134</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-top:.25pt;mso-list:l1 level3 lfo3;tab-stops:63.5pt 63.55pt right dotted 362.25pt"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:81%">6.1.2<span style="font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:85%">Reflectance</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:1.3pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:85%">and</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:1.25pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:85%">Transmittance</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:1.25pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.1pt;mso-font-width:85%">Formulae</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;mso-hansi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";mso-bidi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";color:#231F20">........................................... </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.25pt;mso-font-width:95%">135</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-top:.15pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:0cm;margin-left:32.7pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-indent:-27.65pt;mso-list:l1 level2 lfo3;tab-stops:32.7pt 32.75pt right dotted 362.25pt"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:81%">6.2<span style="font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:90%">Layers</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.35pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:90%">in</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.2pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:90%">Optical</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.15pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:90%">Contact<span style="letter-spacing:-.05pt"> </span>with</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.2pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:90%">a</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.15pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.1pt;mso-font-width:90%">Background</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;mso-hansi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";mso-bidi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";color:#231F20">............................................... </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.25pt;mso-font-width:95%">137</span></p><p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-top:.15pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:0cm;margin-left:32.7pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-indent:-27.65pt;mso-list:l1 level2 lfo3;tab-stops:32.7pt 32.75pt right dotted 362.25pt"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.25pt;mso-font-width:95%"><br></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-left:32.7pt;text-indent:-27.65pt;mso-list:l1 level2 lfo3;tab-stops:32.7pt 32.75pt right dotted 362.25pt"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:81%">6.3<span style="font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:90%">Light<span style="letter-spacing:-.4pt"> </span>Transfers<span style="letter-spacing:-.35pt"></span>at<span style="letter-spacing:-.35pt"> </span>the<span style="letter-spacing:-.4pt"> </span>Interfaces<span style="letter-spacing:-.3pt"> </span>Bordering<span style="letter-spacing:-.4pt"> </span>the<span style="letter-spacing:-.35pt"> </span><span style="letter-spacing:-.2pt">Layer</span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;mso-hansi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";mso-bidi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";color:#231F20">.................................. </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.25pt">138</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt"><o:p></o:p></span></p></div><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:0cm;line-height:normal;mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:none"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Bookman Old Style",serif;mso-fareast-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";mso-bidi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";mso-ansi-language:EN-US;mso-fareast-language:EN-US;mso-bidi-language:AR-SA"><br clear="all" style="page-break-before:always;mso-break-type:section-break"></span></p><div class="WordSection4"><p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-top:4.15pt;mso-list:l1 level3 lfo3;tab-stops:63.5pt 63.55pt dotted 347.3pt"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:81%">6.3.1<span style="font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:85%">Saunderson</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:.45pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:85%">Correction</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:.3pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:85%">and</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:.3pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:85%">Inverse</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:.45pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.1pt;mso-font-width:85%">Formulae</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;mso-hansi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";mso-bidi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";color:#231F20">...................................... </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.25pt;mso-font-width:95%">138</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-top:.15pt;mso-list:l1 level3 lfo3;tab-stops:63.5pt 63.55pt"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:81%">6.3.2<span style="font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:85%">Saunderson</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:.45pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:85%">Correction</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:.3pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:85%">and</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:.3pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:85%">Inverse</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:.45pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:85%">Formulae</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:.35pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:85%">for</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:.45pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:85%">a</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:.3pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.1pt;mso-font-width:85%">Diffusing</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 10pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: rgb(35, 31, 32); letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">Plate</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; color: rgb(35, 31, 32);">............................................................ </span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: rgb(35, 31, 32); letter-spacing: -0.25pt;">141</span></p><p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-left:32.7pt;text-indent:-27.65pt;line-height:12.1pt;mso-line-height-rule:exactly;mso-list:l1 level2 lfo3;tab-stops:32.7pt 32.75pt dotted 347.3pt"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:81%">6.4<span style="font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:90%">Deducing</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.1pt"> </span><i><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Book Antiqua",serif;mso-hansi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";color:#231F20;mso-font-width:90%">K</span></i><i><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Book Antiqua",serif;mso-hansi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";color:#231F20;letter-spacing:.7pt"> </span></i><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:90%">and</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.05pt"> </span><i><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Book Antiqua",serif;mso-hansi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";color:#231F20;mso-font-width:90%">S</span></i><i><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Book Antiqua",serif;mso-hansi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";color:#231F20;letter-spacing:.6pt"> </span></i><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:90%">from</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.1pt"> Measurements</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;mso-hansi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";mso-bidi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";color:#231F20">........................................................... </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.25pt">143</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-top:0cm;line-height:11.6pt;mso-line-height-rule:exactly;mso-list:l1 level3 lfo3;tab-stops:63.5pt 63.55pt dotted 347.3pt"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:81%">6.4.1<span style="font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:90%">Drawdown<span style="letter-spacing:-.05pt"> </span>Card<span style="letter-spacing:-.05pt"> </span><span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">Method</span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;mso-hansi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";mso-bidi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";color:#231F20">......................................................................... </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.25pt">143</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-top:.25pt;mso-list:l1 level3 lfo3;tab-stops:63.5pt 63.55pt dotted 347.3pt"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:81%">6.4.2<span style="font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:85%">Reflectance</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:1.3pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:85%">and</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:1.25pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:85%">Transmittance</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:1.25pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.1pt;mso-font-width:85%">Method</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;mso-hansi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";mso-bidi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";color:#231F20">................................................. </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.25pt;mso-font-width:95%">145</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoListParagraph"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:81%">6.4.3<span style="font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:90%">Choosing<span style="letter-spacing:-.05pt"> </span>the<span style="letter-spacing:-.05pt"> </span>Appropriate<span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt"> Method</span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;mso-hansi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";mso-bidi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";color:#231F20">....................................................... </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.25pt">145</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-top:.25pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:0cm;margin-left:32.7pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-indent:-27.65pt;mso-list:l1 level2 lfo3;tab-stops:32.7pt 32.75pt dotted 347.3pt"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:81%">6.5<span style="font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.1pt;mso-font-width:95%">Example</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;mso-hansi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";mso-bidi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";color:#231F20">.................................................................................................................. </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.25pt;mso-font-width:95%">146</span></p><p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-top:.25pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:0cm;margin-left:32.7pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-indent:-27.65pt;mso-list:l1 level2 lfo3;tab-stops:32.7pt 32.75pt dotted 347.3pt"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.25pt;mso-font-width:95%"><br></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-left:32.7pt;text-indent:-27.65pt;mso-list:l1 level2 lfo3;tab-stops:32.7pt 32.75pt dotted 347.3pt"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:81%">6.6<span style="font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:90%">Mixture</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.15pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:90%">of</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.15pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:90%">Scattering</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.15pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.1pt;mso-font-width:90%">Materials</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;mso-hansi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";mso-bidi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";color:#231F20">......................................................................... </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.25pt;mso-font-width:95%">148</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-top:.15pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:0cm;margin-left:32.7pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-indent:-27.65pt;mso-list:l1 level2 lfo3;tab-stops:32.7pt 32.75pt dotted 347.3pt"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:81%">6.7<span style="font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:90%">Validity<span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt"> </span>of</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.3pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:90%">the</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.3pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:90%">Kubelka</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;mso-bidi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";color:#231F20;mso-font-width:90%">–</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:90%">Munk</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.2pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.1pt;mso-font-width:90%">Model</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;mso-bidi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";color:#231F20">............................................................... </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.25pt">149</span></p><p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-top:.15pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:0cm;margin-left:32.7pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-indent:-27.65pt;mso-list:l1 level2 lfo3;tab-stops:32.7pt 32.75pt dotted 347.3pt"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.25pt"><br></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-top:.25pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:0cm;margin-left:32.7pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-indent:-27.65pt;mso-list:l1 level2 lfo3;tab-stops:32.7pt 32.75pt dotted 347.3pt"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:81%">6.8<span style="font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:85%">Diffusing</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:.4pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.1pt;mso-font-width:95%">Multilayers</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;mso-hansi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";mso-bidi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";color:#231F20">............................................................................................ </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.25pt;mso-font-width:95%">150</span></p><p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-top:.25pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:0cm;margin-left:32.7pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-indent:-27.65pt;mso-list:l1 level2 lfo3;tab-stops:32.7pt 32.75pt dotted 347.3pt"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.25pt;mso-font-width:95%"><br></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoListParagraph"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:81%">6.8.1<span style="font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:85%">Kubelka</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;mso-bidi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";color:#231F20;mso-font-width:85%">’</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:85%">s</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:.7pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:85%">Compositional</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:.7pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:85%">Formulae</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:.75pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:85%">and</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:.75pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:85%">Flux</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:.7pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:85%">Transfer</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:.75pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.1pt;mso-font-width:85%">Matrix</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 10pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: rgb(35, 31, 32); letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">Model</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; color: rgb(35, 31, 32);">.............................................. </span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: rgb(35, 31, 32); letter-spacing: -0.25pt;">151</span></p><p class="MsoListParagraph"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:81%">6.8.2<span style="font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:90%">Example:<span style="letter-spacing:-.35pt"> </span>Piles<span style="letter-spacing:-.3pt"> </span>of<span style="letter-spacing:-.35pt"> </span>Identical<span style="letter-spacing:-.3pt"> </span>Diffusing<span style="letter-spacing:-.3pt"> </span><span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">Sheets</span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;mso-hansi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";mso-bidi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";color:#231F20">....................................... </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.25pt;mso-font-width:95%">152</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-top:.25pt;mso-list:l1 level3 lfo3;tab-stops:63.5pt 63.55pt dotted 347.3pt"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:81%">6.8.3<span style="font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:85%">Kubelka</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;mso-bidi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";color:#231F20;mso-font-width:85%">’</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:85%">s</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:1.15pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:85%">Formulae</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:1.1pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:85%">and</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:1.05pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:85%">Kubelka</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;mso-bidi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";color:#231F20;mso-font-width:85%">–</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:85%">Munk</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:1.15pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.1pt;mso-font-width:85%">Model</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;mso-bidi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";color:#231F20">.................................. </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.25pt;mso-font-width:95%">153</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-right:6.05pt;text-indent:-30.35pt;line-height:101%;mso-list:l1 level3 lfo3;tab-stops:63.5pt 63.55pt dotted 347.3pt"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;line-height:101%;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:81%">6.8.4<span style="font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;line-height:101%;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:90%">Extended Saunderson Correction for Multilayers: The Matrix </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;line-height:101%;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.1pt">Method</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;line-height:101%;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;mso-hansi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";mso-bidi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";color:#231F20"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;line-height:101%;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.45pt;mso-font-width:85%">154</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;line-height:101%"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoBodyText" style="margin-top:11.85pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:0cm;margin-left:5.1pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;tab-stops:362.25pt"><u><span lang="EN-US" style="color:#231F20">CHAPTER<span style="letter-spacing:.95pt"> </span><span style="letter-spacing:-.5pt">7</span> </span></u><span lang="EN-US" style="color: rgb(35, 31, 32); letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">Nonscattering</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: rgb(35, 31, 32); letter-spacing: -0.35pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: rgb(35, 31, 32); letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">Layers</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: rgb(35, 31, 32); letter-spacing: -0.3pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: rgb(35, 31, 32); letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">on</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: rgb(35, 31, 32); letter-spacing: -0.25pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: rgb(35, 31, 32); letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">a</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: rgb(35, 31, 32); letter-spacing: -0.25pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: rgb(35, 31, 32); letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">Diffusing</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: rgb(35, 31, 32); letter-spacing: -0.3pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: rgb(35, 31, 32); letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">Background</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; color: rgb(35, 31, 32);">..................................................... </span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: rgb(35, 31, 32); letter-spacing: -0.25pt;">157</span></p><p class="MsoBodyText" style="margin-top:11.85pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:0cm;margin-left:5.1pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;tab-stops:362.25pt"><span lang="EN-US" style="color: rgb(35, 31, 32); letter-spacing: -0.25pt;"><br></span></p><p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-top:.25pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:0cm;margin-left:32.7pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-indent:-27.65pt;mso-list:l4 level2 lfo2;tab-stops:32.7pt 32.75pt dotted 347.3pt"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:81%">7.1<span style="font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:90%">Uniform</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.3pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:90%">Layer</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.25pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:90%">on</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.3pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:90%">Top</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.1pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:90%">of</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.25pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:90%">a<span style="letter-spacing:-.05pt"> </span>Diffusing</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.2pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.1pt;mso-font-width:90%">Background</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;mso-hansi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";mso-bidi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";color:#231F20">......................................... </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.25pt;mso-font-width:95%">158</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoListParagraph"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:81%">7.1.1<span style="font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:90%">Williams</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;mso-bidi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";color:#231F20;mso-font-width:90%">–</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:90%">Clapper</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.05pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.2pt">Model</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;mso-bidi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";color:#231F20">....................................................................... </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.25pt">158</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-top:.15pt;mso-list:l4 level3 lfo2;tab-stops:63.5pt 63.55pt dotted 347.3pt"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:81%">7.1.2<span style="font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:90%">Berns</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;mso-bidi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";color:#231F20;mso-font-width:90%">’<span style="letter-spacing:-.25pt"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.1pt">Model</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;mso-bidi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";color:#231F20">............................................................................................ </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.25pt">161</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-top:.25pt;mso-list:l4 level3 lfo2;tab-stops:63.5pt 63.55pt"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:81%">7.1.3<span style="font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:85%">Insurface</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:.15pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:85%">and</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:.2pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:85%">Subsurface</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:.25pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:85%">Reflections</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:.2pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.1pt;mso-font-width:85%">According</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 10pt; letter-spacing: -0.1pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: rgb(35, 31, 32);">to</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: rgb(35, 31, 32); letter-spacing: 0.15pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: rgb(35, 31, 32);">the</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: rgb(35, 31, 32); letter-spacing: 0.15pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: rgb(35, 31, 32);">Lighting</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: rgb(35, 31, 32); letter-spacing: 0.1pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: rgb(35, 31, 32); letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">Geometry</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; color: rgb(35, 31, 32);">................................... </span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: rgb(35, 31, 32); letter-spacing: -0.25pt;">162</span></p><p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-top:.25pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:0cm;margin-left:32.7pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-indent:-27.65pt;mso-list:l4 level2 lfo2;tab-stops:32.7pt 32.75pt dotted 347.3pt"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:81%">7.2<span style="font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:90%">Transparent<span style="letter-spacing:-.4pt"> </span>Multilayers<span style="letter-spacing:-.3pt"> </span>on<span style="letter-spacing:-.4pt"> </span>Top<span style="letter-spacing:-.2pt"> </span>of<span style="letter-spacing:-.4pt"> </span>a<span style="letter-spacing:-.35pt"> </span>Diffusing<span style="letter-spacing:-.35pt"> </span><span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">Background</span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;mso-hansi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";mso-bidi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";color:#231F20">........................ </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.25pt">165</span></p><p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-top:.25pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:0cm;margin-left:32.7pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-indent:-27.65pt;mso-list:l4 level2 lfo2;tab-stops:32.7pt 32.75pt dotted 347.3pt"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.25pt"><br></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-left:32.7pt;text-indent:-27.65pt;mso-list:l4 level2 lfo2;tab-stops:32.7pt 32.75pt dotted 347.3pt"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:81%">7.3<span style="font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:90%">Generalized</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.1pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:90%">Two-Flux</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.1pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.2pt;mso-font-width:90%">Model</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;mso-hansi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";mso-bidi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";color:#231F20">.............................................................................. </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.25pt">168</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-top:.25pt;mso-list:l4 level3 lfo2;tab-stops:63.5pt 63.55pt dotted 347.3pt"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:81%">7.3.1<span style="font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:90%">Configurations</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.05pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:90%">Where</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:.1pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:90%">a</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.1pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:90%">Two-Flux</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:.05pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:90%">Model</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20"> <span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt;mso-font-width:90%">Applies</span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;mso-hansi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";mso-bidi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";color:#231F20">............................ </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.25pt">168</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoListParagraph"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:81%">7.3.2<span style="font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:85%">Multiple</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:1.05pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:85%">Reflection</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:.9pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:85%">Processes</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:1.05pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:85%">and</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:.9pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.1pt;mso-font-width:85%">Homogeneous</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 10pt; letter-spacing: -0.1pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: rgb(35, 31, 32);">Discrete-Time<span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt"> </span>Markov <span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">Chains</span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; color: rgb(35, 31, 32);">.................... </span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: rgb(35, 31, 32); letter-spacing: -0.25pt;">170</span></p><p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-top:.15pt;mso-list:l4 level3 lfo2;tab-stops:63.5pt 63.55pt dotted 347.3pt"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:81%">7.3.3<span style="font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:90%">Transition</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20"> Probability <span style="letter-spacing:.05pt"></span><span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt;mso-font-width:90%">Matrices</span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;mso-hansi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";mso-bidi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";color:#231F20">............................................................ </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.25pt;mso-font-width:95%">172</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-top:.25pt;mso-list:l4 level3 lfo2;tab-stops:63.5pt 63.55pt dotted 347.3pt"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:81%">7.3.4<span style="font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:90%">Average</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:.1pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:90%">Number</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:.05pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:90%">of</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.05pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.1pt;mso-font-width:90%">Transfers</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;mso-hansi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";mso-bidi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";color:#231F20">................................................................ </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.25pt;mso-font-width:95%">173</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-left:32.7pt;text-indent:-27.65pt;mso-list:l4 level2 lfo2;tab-stops:32.7pt 32.75pt dotted 347.3pt"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:81%">7.4<span style="font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:90%">Spectral<span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt"> </span>Reflectance<span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt"> </span>of<span style="letter-spacing:-.2pt"> </span>Printed<span style="letter-spacing:-.15pt"> </span><span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">Surfaces</span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;mso-hansi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";mso-bidi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";color:#231F20">......................................................... </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.25pt;mso-font-width:95%">174</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-top:.25pt;mso-list:l4 level3 lfo2;tab-stops:63.5pt 63.55pt dotted 347.3pt"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:81%">7.4.1<span style="font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:90%">Halftone<span style="letter-spacing:-.05pt"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.1pt;mso-font-width:95%">Colors</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;mso-hansi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";mso-bidi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";color:#231F20">......................................................................................... </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.25pt;mso-font-width:95%">174</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoListParagraph"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:81%">7.4.2<span style="font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:85%">Spectral</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:.9pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:85%">Neugebauer</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:1.0pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.2pt;mso-font-width:85%">Model</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;mso-hansi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";mso-bidi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";color:#231F20">..................................................................... </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.25pt;mso-font-width:95%">176</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoListParagraph"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:81%">7.4.3<span style="font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:85%">Yule</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;mso-bidi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";color:#231F20;mso-font-width:85%">–</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:85%">Nielsen</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:1.55pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:85%">Modified</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:1.65pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:85%">Spectral</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:1.65pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:85%">Neugebauer</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:1.75pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.1pt;mso-font-width:85%">Model</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;mso-bidi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";color:#231F20">............................ </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.25pt">177</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-top:.25pt;mso-list:l4 level3 lfo2;tab-stops:63.5pt 63.55pt dotted 347.3pt"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:81%">7.4.4<span style="font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:90%">Clapper</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;mso-bidi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";color:#231F20;mso-font-width:90%">–</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:90%">Yule<span style="letter-spacing:-.15pt"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.2pt">Model</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;mso-bidi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";color:#231F20">............................................................................... </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.25pt">179</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-left:32.7pt;text-indent:-27.65pt;mso-list:l4 level2 lfo2;tab-stops:32.7pt 32.75pt dotted 347.3pt"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:81%">7.5<span style="font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:90%">Calibration</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.05pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:90%">of</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.1pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:90%">the</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.1pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:90%">Halftone</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.1pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:90%">Color</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.05pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:90%">Prediction</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.1pt"> Models</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;mso-hansi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";mso-bidi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";color:#231F20">.................................... </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.25pt">180</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoListParagraph"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:81%">7.5.1<span style="font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:90%">Obtaining<span style="letter-spacing:-.35pt"> </span>Spectral <span style="letter-spacing:-.25pt"></span><span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">Parameters</span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;mso-hansi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";mso-bidi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";color:#231F20">............................................................. </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.25pt;mso-font-width:95%">181</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoListParagraph"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:81%">7.5.2<span style="font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:85%">Ink</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:.25pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:85%">Spreading</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:.2pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:85%">Assessment</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:.25pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.1pt;mso-font-width:85%">Methods</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;mso-hansi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";mso-bidi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";color:#231F20">........................................................ </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.25pt;mso-font-width:95%">182</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-top:.25pt;mso-list:l4 level3 lfo2;tab-stops:63.5pt 63.55pt dotted 347.3pt"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:81%">7.5.3<span style="font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:90%">Basic</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.15pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:90%">Ink</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.05pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:90%">Spreading</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.1pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:90%">(BIS)</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.05pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.1pt;mso-font-width:90%">Method</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;mso-hansi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";mso-bidi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";color:#231F20">....................................................... </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.25pt">182</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoListParagraph"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:81%">7.5.4<span style="font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:85%">Superimposition-Dependent</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:1.75pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:85%">Ink</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:1.8pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:85%">Spreading</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:1.75pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:85%">(SDIS)</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:1.75pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.1pt;mso-font-width:85%">Method</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;mso-hansi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";mso-bidi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";color:#231F20">............... </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.25pt;mso-font-width:95%">184</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-top:.25pt;mso-list:l4 level3 lfo2;tab-stops:63.5pt 63.55pt dotted 347.3pt"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:81%">7.5.5<span style="font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:90%">Predicting<span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt"> </span>the<span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt"> </span>Spectral<span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt"> </span>Reflectance<span style="letter-spacing:-.05pt"> </span>of<span style="letter-spacing:-.15pt"> </span><span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">Halftones</span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;mso-hansi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";mso-bidi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";color:#231F20">............................... </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.25pt">184</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoListParagraph"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:81%">7.5.6<span style="font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.1pt;mso-font-width:90%">Four-Ink</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.2pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.1pt;mso-font-width:90%">Halftone</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.15pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.1pt;mso-font-width:90%">Colors</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;mso-hansi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";mso-bidi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";color:#231F20">........................................................................ </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.25pt;mso-font-width:95%">186</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt"><o:p></o:p></span></p></div><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:0cm;line-height:normal;mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:none"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Bookman Old Style",serif;mso-fareast-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";mso-bidi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";mso-ansi-language:EN-US;mso-fareast-language:EN-US;mso-bidi-language:AR-SA"><br clear="all" style="page-break-before:always;mso-break-type:section-break"></span></p><div class="WordSection5"><p class="MsoBodyText" style="margin-top:3.95pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:0cm;margin-left:5.1pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;tab-stops:362.25pt"><u><span lang="EN-US" style="color:#231F20">CHAPTER<span style="letter-spacing:.95pt"> </span><span style="letter-spacing:-.5pt">8</span> </span></u><span lang="EN-US" style="color: rgb(35, 31, 32);">Angle-Dependent<span style="letter-spacing:-.05pt"> </span>Light</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: rgb(35, 31, 32); letter-spacing: -0.25pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: rgb(35, 31, 32); letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">Scattering</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; color: rgb(35, 31, 32);">................................................................................ </span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: rgb(35, 31, 32); letter-spacing: -0.25pt;">187</span></p><p class="MsoBodyText" style="margin-top:3.95pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:0cm;margin-left:5.1pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;tab-stops:362.25pt"><span lang="EN-US" style="color: rgb(35, 31, 32); letter-spacing: -0.25pt;"><br></span></p><p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-left:32.7pt;text-indent:-27.65pt;mso-list:l5 level2 lfo1;tab-stops:32.7pt 32.75pt dotted 347.3pt"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:81%">8.1<span style="font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:85%">Surface</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.05pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.1pt;mso-font-width:95%">Scattering</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;mso-hansi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";mso-bidi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";color:#231F20">................................................................................................. </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.25pt;mso-font-width:95%">187</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-top:.25pt;mso-list:l5 level3 lfo1;tab-stops:63.5pt 63.55pt dotted 347.3pt"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:81%">8.1.1<span style="font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:85%">Surface</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.3pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:85%">Roughness</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.2pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.1pt;mso-font-width:85%">Measurement</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;mso-hansi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";mso-bidi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";color:#231F20">............................................................. </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.25pt;mso-font-width:95%">188</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-top:.15pt;mso-list:l5 level3 lfo1;tab-stops:63.5pt 63.55pt dotted 347.3pt"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:81%">8.1.2<span style="font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:90%">Modelling</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.25pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:90%">a</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.15pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:90%">Randomly</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.15pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:90%">Rough</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.15pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.1pt;mso-font-width:90%">Surface</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;mso-hansi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";mso-bidi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";color:#231F20">................................................ </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.25pt;mso-font-width:95%">188</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoListParagraph"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:81%">8.1.3<span style="font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:95%">BRDF<span style="letter-spacing:-.65pt"> </span>and<span style="letter-spacing:-.25pt"> </span>BTDF<span style="letter-spacing:-.25pt"> </span>Optical <span style="letter-spacing:-.05pt"></span><span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">Models</span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;mso-hansi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";mso-bidi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";color:#231F20">........................................................ </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.25pt">189</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-top:.25pt;mso-list:l5 level3 lfo1;tab-stops:63.5pt 63.55pt dotted 347.3pt"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:81%">8.1.4<span style="font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:85%">Microfacet</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:1.3pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:85%">Model</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:1.35pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:85%">and</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:1.4pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:85%">Smith</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;mso-bidi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";color:#231F20;mso-font-width:85%">’</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:85%">s</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:1.4pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:85%">Shadowing-Masking</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:1.4pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.1pt;mso-font-width:85%">Function</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;mso-bidi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";color:#231F20">........... </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.25pt">190</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoListParagraph"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:81%">8.1.5<span style="font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:85%">Spherical</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:.15pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.1pt;mso-font-width:95%">Surfaces</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;mso-hansi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";mso-bidi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";color:#231F20">................................................................................... </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.25pt;mso-font-width:95%">193</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-top:.25pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:0cm;margin-left:32.7pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-indent:-27.65pt;mso-list:l5 level2 lfo1;tab-stops:32.7pt 32.75pt dotted 347.3pt"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:81%">8.2<span style="font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.1pt;mso-font-width:90%">Volume</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.35pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.1pt;mso-font-width:90%">Scattering</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;mso-hansi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";mso-bidi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";color:#231F20">................................................................................................. </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.25pt;mso-font-width:95%">195</span></p><p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-top:.25pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:0cm;margin-left:32.7pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-indent:-27.65pt;mso-list:l5 level2 lfo1;tab-stops:32.7pt 32.75pt dotted 347.3pt"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.25pt;mso-font-width:95%"><br></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoListParagraph"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:81%">8.2.1<span style="font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:85%">Scattering</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:1.35pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:85%">Description</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:1.2pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.1pt;mso-font-width:85%">Parameters</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;mso-hansi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";mso-bidi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";color:#231F20">.......................................................... </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.25pt;mso-font-width:95%">195</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-top:.25pt;mso-list:l5 level3 lfo1;tab-stops:63.5pt 63.55pt dotted 347.3pt"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:81%">8.2.2<span style="font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:95%">Types<span style="letter-spacing:-.45pt"> </span>of<span style="letter-spacing:-.35pt"> </span><span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">Scattering</span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;mso-hansi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";mso-bidi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";color:#231F20">.................................................................................. </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.25pt">198</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoListParagraph"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:81%">8.2.3<span style="font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:90%">The</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:.1pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:90%">Radiative</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:.05pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:90%">Transfer</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:.05pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.1pt;mso-font-width:90%">Equation</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;mso-hansi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";mso-bidi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";color:#231F20">......................................................... </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.25pt">199</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoListParagraph"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:81%">8.2.4<span style="font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:90%">Scattering<span style="letter-spacing:-.35pt"> </span>in<span style="letter-spacing:-.35pt"> </span>Lambertian<span style="letter-spacing:-.4pt"> </span><span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">Layers</span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;mso-hansi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";mso-bidi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";color:#231F20">........................................................... </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.25pt;mso-font-width:95%">200</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoBodyText" style="margin-top:12.15pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:0cm;margin-left:5.1pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;tab-stops:dotted 347.3pt"><span lang="EN-US" style="color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.1pt;mso-font-width:90%">Exercises</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;mso-hansi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";mso-bidi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";color:#231F20">............................................................................................................................ </span><span lang="EN-US" style="color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.25pt;mso-font-width:90%">201</span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoBodyText" style="margin-top:12.2pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:0cm;margin-left:5.1pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;tab-stops:dotted 347.3pt"><span lang="EN-US" style="color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.1pt;mso-font-width:95%">Corrections</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;mso-hansi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";mso-bidi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";color:#231F20">........................................................................................................................ </span><span lang="EN-US" style="color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.25pt;mso-font-width:95%">211</span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoBodyText" style="margin-top:12.2pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:0cm;margin-left:5.1pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;tab-stops:dotted 347.3pt"><span lang="EN-US" style="color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.1pt;mso-font-width:95%">Acknowledgements</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;mso-hansi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";mso-bidi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";color:#231F20">.......................................................................................................... </span><span lang="EN-US" style="color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.25pt;mso-font-width:95%">229</span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoBodyText" style="margin-top:12.1pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:0cm;margin-left:5.1pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;tab-stops:dotted 347.3pt"><span lang="EN-US" style="color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.1pt;mso-font-width:95%">References</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;mso-hansi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";mso-bidi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";color:#231F20">.......................................................................................................................... </span><span lang="EN-US" style="color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.25pt;mso-font-width:95%">231</span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoBodyText" style="margin-top:12.2pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:0cm;margin-left:5.1pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;tab-stops:dotted 347.3pt"><span lang="EN-US" style="color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.1pt;mso-font-width:95%">Index</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;mso-hansi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";mso-bidi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";color:#231F20">................................................................................................................................... </span><span lang="EN-US" style="color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.25pt;mso-font-width:95%">243</span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p></div><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:0cm;line-height:normal;mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:none"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Bookman Old Style",serif;mso-fareast-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";mso-bidi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";mso-ansi-language:EN-US;mso-fareast-language:EN-US;mso-bidi-language:AR-SA"><br clear="all" style="page-break-before:always;mso-break-type:section-break"></span></p><p class="MsoBodyText"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:8.5pt;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt"> </span></p><p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:0cm;line-height:normal;mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:none"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:MilibusLt-Regular;mso-bidi-font-family:MilibusLt-Regular;mso-ansi-language:EN-US"> </span></p>
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IOGS - Institut d'Optique Graduate School Textbook
Cette collection, réalisée en partenariat avec l'Institut d'Optique Graduate School (Paris Saclay), est destinée aux étudiants ingénieurs et aux chercheurs dans le domaine de l'optique.
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Optical models for material appearance
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A01
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A2071
Mathieu Hébert
Hébert, Mathieu
Mathieu
Hébert
<p>Mathieu HÉBERT est depuis 2010 professeur assistant à l'Institut d'Optique Graduate School et au Laboratoire Hubert Curien à Saint-Etienne. Il est également depuis 2015 responsable de programme d'un master dédié à l'imagerie avancée et à l'apparence des matériaux à l'Université Jean Monnet de Saint-Étienne, et depuis 2019 directeur du groupement de recherche 'Appamat' du Centre national de la recherche scientifique (CNRS) dédié aux sciences de l'apparence des matériaux.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:0cm;line-height:normal;mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:none"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:MilibusRg-Regular;mso-bidi-font-family:MilibusRg-Regular;mso-ansi-language:EN-US">Mathieu HÉBERT </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:MilibusLt-Regular;mso-bidi-font-family:MilibusLt-Regular;mso-ansi-language:EN-US">is since 2010 professor assistant at Institut d’OptiqueGraduate School and Hubert Curien Laboratory in Saint-Etienne, France. He isalso since 2015 head of program of a master dedicated to advanced imaging andmaterial appearance at the University Jean Monnet of Saint-Etienne, and since2019 director of the grouping of research ‘Appamat’ of the French NationalCentre for Scientific Research (CNRS) dedicated to material appearancesciences.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
01
eng
08
260
03
01
24
Izibook:Subject
Ondes / optique
24
Izibook:SubjectAndCategoryAndTags
|Ondes / optique|
20
optics;material appearance;imaging systems;visual rendering software;color analysis;gloss analysis;product compliance;virtual prototype;optical;radiometric quantities;optics-based predictive models;materials;structures
10
2011
BISACSCI053000
01
530
05
06
06
03
00
Material appearance has emerged as a scientific topic in its own right rather recently and an increasing number of professionals concerned by this topic, belonging to various application areas, are entering this vast field. Thanks to the rise of imaging systems and visual rendering software, and the rapid development of accessible devices for color and gloss analysis, non-expert people can now check, for example, the compliance of a product with an appearance standard, or create a realistic virtual prototype. Most of these tools are based on optical concepts which are generally not in the forefront at an elementary level usage, but which are necessary for a consistent analysis of the specific cases studied. The objective of this book is precisely to introduce the fundamental notions of optics allowing the readers to understand the radiometric quantities measured with common devices, to learn how to analyze them, and to review some classical optics-based predictive models for various types of materials and structures. We have chosen to illustrate the theoretical notions with numerous examples and corrected exercises, easily transposable to a variety of materials: glass plates, polymer films, pigment layers, metals, papers and printed surfaces, coatings, etc. The book targets an audience of students, engineers and researchers who have a scientific background but not necessarily versed in optics, who are seeking sound bases in order to characterize the appearance of products and better comprehend the more advanced research currently being conducted in this area.
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00
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:0cm;line-height:normal;mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:none"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:MilibusLt-Regular;mso-bidi-font-family:MilibusLt-Regular;mso-ansi-language:EN-US">This book is an introduction to the fundamental notions of optics whichallows to understand the radiometric quantities measured with common devices, tolearn how to analyze them, and to review some classical optics-based predictivemodels for various types of materials and structures.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<div class="WordSection1"><p class="MsoBodyText"><span lang="EN-US" style="color: rgb(35, 31, 32);">The</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: rgb(35, 31, 32); letter-spacing: -0.1pt;"> Author</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; color: rgb(35, 31, 32);">......................................................................................................................... </span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: rgb(35, 31, 32);"><span style="letter-spacing: -0.25pt;">III</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.333333px;"><br></span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: rgb(35, 31, 32); letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">Preface</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; color: rgb(35, 31, 32);">...................................................................................................................................</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: rgb(35, 31, 32); letter-spacing: -0.5pt;">V <br></span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: rgb(35, 31, 32); letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">Foreword</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; color: rgb(35, 31, 32);">........................................................................................................................... </span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: rgb(35, 31, 32); letter-spacing: -0.25pt;">VII</span></p><p class="MsoBodyText" style="margin-top:11.55pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:0cm;margin-left:5.1pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt"><span style="mso-ignore:vglayout;position:absolute;z-index:15729152;left:0px;margin-left:88px;margin-top:198px;width:595px;height:1px"><img width="476" height="1" src="file:///C:/Users/igarric/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image001.gif" v:shapes="docshape2"></span><span lang="EN-US"><font color="#231f20">CHAPTER</font><span style="color: rgb(35, 31, 32); letter-spacing: 1.05pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.5pt;"><font color="#231f20">2</font> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: rgb(35, 31, 32);">Spectral</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: rgb(35, 31, 32); letter-spacing: -0.25pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: rgb(35, 31, 32);">Radiometry<span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt"> </span>of</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: rgb(35, 31, 32); letter-spacing: -0.2pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: rgb(35, 31, 32); letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">Surfaces</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; color: rgb(35, 31, 32);">.................................................................................... </span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: rgb(35, 31, 32); letter-spacing: -0.25pt;">29</span></p><p class="MsoBodyText" style="margin-top:12.15pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:0cm;margin-left:5.1pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt"><span lang="EN-US" style="color: rgb(35, 31, 32); letter-spacing: -0.25pt;"><br></span></p><p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-top:.25pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:0cm;margin-left:32.7pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-indent:-27.65pt;mso-list:l2 level2 lfo7;tab-stops:32.7pt 32.75pt right dotted 362.25pt"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:81%">2.1<span style="font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:90%">Types</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:.15pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:90%">of</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:.25pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:90%">Reflecting</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:.25pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.1pt;mso-font-width:90%">Surfaces</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;mso-hansi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";mso-bidi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";color:#231F20">............................................................................... </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.25pt">30</span></p><p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-top:.25pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:0cm;margin-left:32.7pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-indent:-27.65pt;mso-list:l2 level2 lfo7;tab-stops:32.7pt 32.75pt right dotted 362.25pt"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.25pt"><br></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-top:.15pt;mso-list:l2 level3 lfo7;tab-stops:63.5pt 63.55pt right dotted 362.25pt"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:81%">2.1.1<span style="font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:85%">Mirrors</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:.4pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:85%">and</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:.45pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:85%">Specular</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:.45pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.1pt;mso-font-width:85%">Reflectors</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;mso-hansi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";mso-bidi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";color:#231F20">............................................................... </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.25pt;mso-font-width:95%">30</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoListParagraph"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:81%">2.1.2<span style="font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:90%">Very<span style="letter-spacing:-.25pt"> </span>Matte<span style="letter-spacing:-.25pt"></span>Surfaces:<span style="letter-spacing:-.25pt"> </span>Lambertian<span style="letter-spacing: -0.333333px;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">Reflectors</span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;mso-hansi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";mso-bidi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";color:#231F20">........................................ </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.25pt">30</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-top:.25pt;mso-list:l2 level3 lfo7;tab-stops:63.5pt 63.55pt right dotted 362.25pt"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:81%">2.1.3<span style="font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:85%">Intermediate</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:2.05pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.1pt;mso-font-width:90%">Cases</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;mso-hansi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";mso-bidi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";color:#231F20">.................................................................................... </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.25pt;mso-font-width:95%">31</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-top:1.6pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:0cm;margin-left:32.7pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-indent:-27.65pt;mso-list:l2 level2 lfo7;tab-stops:32.7pt 32.75pt right dotted 362.25pt"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:81%">2.2<span style="font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.1pt;mso-font-width:90%">Light</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.1pt"> Transmission</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.05pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.1pt;mso-font-width:90%">Through</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20"> <span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt;mso-font-width:90%">Objects</span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;mso-hansi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";mso-bidi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";color:#231F20">................................................................. </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.25pt;mso-font-width:95%">31</span></p><p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-top:1.6pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:0cm;margin-left:32.7pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-indent:-27.65pt;mso-list:l2 level2 lfo7;tab-stops:32.7pt 32.75pt right dotted 362.25pt"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.25pt;mso-font-width:95%"><br></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-left:32.7pt;text-indent:-27.65pt;mso-list:l2 level2 lfo7;tab-stops:32.7pt 32.75pt right dotted 362.25pt"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:81%">2.3<span style="font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:85%">Angular</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:1.15pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:85%">Spectral</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:1.15pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:85%">Reflectance</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:1.1pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:85%">and</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:1.2pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.1pt;mso-font-width:85%">Transmittance</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;mso-hansi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";mso-bidi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";color:#231F20">.............................................. </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.25pt;mso-font-width:95%">32</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt"><o:p></o:p></span></p></div><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:0cm;line-height:normal;mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:none"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Bookman Old Style",serif;mso-fareast-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";mso-bidi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";mso-ansi-language:EN-US;mso-fareast-language:EN-US;mso-bidi-language:AR-SA"><br clear="all" style="page-break-before:always;mso-break-type:section-break"></span></p><div class="WordSection2"><p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-top:4.15pt;margin-right:6.0pt;margin-bottom:0cm;margin-left:32.7pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-indent:-27.65pt;line-height:100%;mso-list:l2 level2 lfo7;tab-stops:32.7pt 32.75pt dotted 352.3pt"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;line-height:100%;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:81%">2.4<span style="font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;line-height:100%;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:90%">Bi-DirectionalReflectance/Transmittance Distribution Function </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;line-height:100%;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.1pt">(BRDF/BTDF)</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;line-height:100%;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;mso-hansi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";mso-bidi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";color:#231F20"> ...</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;line-height:100%;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.5pt;mso-font-width:85%">33</span></p><p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-top:4.15pt;margin-right:6.0pt;margin-bottom:0cm;margin-left:32.7pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-indent:-27.65pt;line-height:100%;mso-list:l2 level2 lfo7;tab-stops:32.7pt 32.75pt dotted 352.3pt"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;line-height:100%;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.5pt;mso-font-width:85%"><br></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;line-height:100%"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-top:.15pt;mso-list:l2 level3 lfo7;tab-stops:63.5pt 63.55pt dotted 352.3pt"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:81%">2.4.1<span style="font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.1pt;mso-font-width:95%">Definition</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;mso-hansi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";mso-bidi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";color:#231F20">...................................................................................................... </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.25pt;mso-font-width:95%">33</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoListParagraph"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:81%">2.4.2<span style="font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:90%">BRDF</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.25pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:90%">of</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:.55pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:90%">Some</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:.5pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:90%">Typical</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:.5pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.1pt;mso-font-width:90%">Reflectors</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;mso-hansi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";mso-bidi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";color:#231F20">.......................................................... </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.25pt">34</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-top:.25pt;mso-list:l2 level3 lfo7;tab-stops:63.5pt 63.55pt dotted 352.3pt"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:81%">2.4.3<span style="font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:90%">Lambert</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;mso-bidi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";color:#231F20;mso-font-width:90%">’</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:90%">s</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.2pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:90%">Azimuthal</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.15pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:90%">Equal-Area</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.15pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.1pt;mso-font-width:90%">Projection</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;mso-bidi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";color:#231F20">........................................ </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.25pt">35</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoListParagraph"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:81%">2.4.4<span style="font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:90%">BRDF</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.15pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:90%">Measurement</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.2pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.1pt;mso-font-width:90%">Systems</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;mso-hansi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";mso-bidi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";color:#231F20">.................................................................. </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.25pt;mso-font-width:95%">36</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-top:.25pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:0cm;margin-left:32.7pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-indent:-27.65pt;mso-list:l2 level2 lfo7;tab-stops:32.7pt 32.75pt dotted 352.3pt"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:81%">2.5<span style="font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:85%">Spectral</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:1.15pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:85%">Reflectance</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:1.05pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:85%">and</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:1.1pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:85%">Transmittance</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:1.05pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.1pt;mso-font-width:85%">Factors</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;mso-hansi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";mso-bidi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";color:#231F20">............................................... </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.25pt;mso-font-width:95%">37</span></p><p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-top:.25pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:0cm;margin-left:32.7pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-indent:-27.65pt;mso-list:l2 level2 lfo7;tab-stops:32.7pt 32.75pt dotted 352.3pt"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.25pt;mso-font-width:95%"><br></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoListParagraph"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:81%">2.5.1<span style="font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:85%">Reflectance,</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:1.65pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.1pt;mso-font-width:95%">Transmittance</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;mso-hansi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";mso-bidi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";color:#231F20">...................................................................... </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.25pt;mso-font-width:95%">37</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-top:.25pt;mso-list:l2 level3 lfo7;tab-stops:63.5pt 63.55pt dotted 352.3pt"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:81%">2.5.2<span style="font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:85%">Spectral</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:2.25pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:85%">Reflectance/Transmittance</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:2.3pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.1pt;mso-font-width:85%">Factor</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;mso-hansi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";mso-bidi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";color:#231F20">........................................... </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.25pt;mso-font-width:95%">38</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-top:.15pt;mso-list:l2 level3 lfo7;tab-stops:63.5pt 63.55pt dotted 352.3pt"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:81%">2.5.3<span style="font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:85%">Spectral</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:1.2pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:85%">Radiance</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:1.2pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.1pt;mso-font-width:85%">Factor</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;mso-hansi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";mso-bidi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";color:#231F20">........................................................................... </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.25pt;mso-font-width:95%">39</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-top:.25pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:0cm;margin-left:32.7pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-indent:-27.65pt;mso-list:l2 level2 lfo7;tab-stops:32.7pt 32.75pt dotted 352.3pt"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:81%">2.6<span style="font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:85%">Geometries</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:.85pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:85%">and</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:.85pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:85%">Devices</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:.9pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:85%">for</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:.8pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:85%">the</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:.8pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:85%">Measurement</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:.8pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:85%">of</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:.85pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:85%">Reflectance</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:.75pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.1pt;mso-font-width:85%">Factors</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;mso-hansi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";mso-bidi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";color:#231F20">........... </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.25pt;mso-font-width:95%">39</span></p><p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-top:.25pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:0cm;margin-left:32.7pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-indent:-27.65pt;mso-list:l2 level2 lfo7;tab-stops:32.7pt 32.75pt dotted 352.3pt"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.25pt;mso-font-width:95%"><br></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoListParagraph"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:81%">2.6.1<span style="font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:90%">Nicodemus</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;mso-bidi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";color:#231F20;mso-font-width:90%">’<span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:90%">Nomenclature<span style="letter-spacing:-.35pt"> </span>for<span style="letter-spacing:-.35pt"> </span>Nine<span style="letter-spacing:-.45pt"> </span>Reflectance<span style="letter-spacing:-.4pt"> </span><span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">Factors</span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;mso-bidi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";color:#231F20">.................... </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.25pt;mso-font-width:95%">40</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-top:.25pt;mso-list:l2 level3 lfo7;tab-stops:63.5pt 63.55pt dotted 352.3pt"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:81%">2.6.2<span style="font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:85%">Geometries</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:1.45pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:85%">Using</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:1.45pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:85%">Integrating</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:1.35pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.1pt;mso-font-width:85%">Spheres</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;mso-hansi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";mso-bidi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";color:#231F20">..................................................... </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.25pt;mso-font-width:95%">41</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoListParagraph"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:81%">2.6.3<span style="font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.1pt;mso-font-width:90%">Bidirectional</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.05pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.1pt;mso-font-width:90%">and</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.1pt"> Annular</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.05pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.1pt;mso-font-width:90%">Geometries</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;mso-hansi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";mso-bidi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";color:#231F20">.................................................. </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.25pt;mso-font-width:95%">43</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-top:.25pt;mso-list:l2 level3 lfo7;tab-stops:63.5pt 63.55pt dotted 352.3pt"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:81%">2.6.4<span style="font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:85%">Effective</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:1.15pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:85%">Measurement</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:1.15pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.1pt;mso-font-width:85%">Geometry</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;mso-hansi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";mso-bidi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";color:#231F20">.............................................................. </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.25pt;mso-font-width:95%">43</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-left:32.7pt;text-indent:-27.65pt;mso-list:l2 level2 lfo7;tab-stops:32.7pt 32.75pt dotted 352.3pt"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:81%">2.7<span style="font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:85%">Surface</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:.85pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:85%">Distribution</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:.9pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.1pt;mso-font-width:85%">Functions</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;mso-hansi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";mso-bidi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";color:#231F20">............................................................................... </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.25pt;mso-font-width:95%">45</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-top:.25pt;mso-list:l2 level3 lfo7;tab-stops:63.5pt 63.55pt"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:81%">2.7.1<span style="font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:85%">Bidirectional</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:1.65pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:85%">Scattering-Surface</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:1.55pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:85%">Reflectance</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:1.65pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.1pt;mso-font-width:85%">Distribution</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 10pt; letter-spacing: -0.1pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: rgb(35, 31, 32);">Function</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: rgb(35, 31, 32); letter-spacing: 0.6pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: rgb(35, 31, 32); letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">(BSSRDF)</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; color: rgb(35, 31, 32);">................................... </span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: rgb(35, 31, 32); letter-spacing: -0.25pt;">45</span></p><p class="MsoListParagraph"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:81%">2.7.2<span style="font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:90%">Point<span style="letter-spacing:-.5pt"> </span>Spread<span style="letter-spacing:-.4pt"> </span>Function<span style="letter-spacing:-.45pt"> </span><span style="letter-spacing:-.2pt">(PSF)</span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;mso-hansi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";mso-bidi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";color:#231F20">.................................................................... </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.25pt">46</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoBodyText" style="margin-top:12.15pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:0cm;margin-left:5.1pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;tab-stops:362.25pt"><u><span lang="EN-US" style="color:#231F20">CHAPTER<span style="letter-spacing:.95pt"> </span><span style="letter-spacing:-.5pt">3</span> </span></u><span lang="EN-US" style="color: rgb(35, 31, 32);">Visual<span style="letter-spacing:-.25pt"> </span>Characterization<span style="letter-spacing:-.2pt"> </span>of<span style="letter-spacing:-.25pt"> </span><span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">Surfaces</span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; color: rgb(35, 31, 32);">............................................................................... </span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: rgb(35, 31, 32); letter-spacing: -0.25pt;">49</span></p><p class="MsoBodyText" style="margin-top:12.15pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:0cm;margin-left:5.1pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;tab-stops:362.25pt"><span lang="EN-US" style="color: rgb(35, 31, 32); letter-spacing: -0.25pt;"><br></span></p><p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-left:32.7pt;text-indent:-27.65pt;mso-list:l7 level2 lfo6;tab-stops:32.7pt 32.75pt dotted 352.3pt"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:81%">3.1<span style="font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:90%">Color</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.3pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:90%">and</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.25pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.1pt;mso-font-width:90%">Colorimetry</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;mso-hansi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";mso-bidi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";color:#231F20">........................................................................................... </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.25pt">51</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoListParagraph"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:81%">3.1.1<span style="font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:95%">A</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.1pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:95%">Relative</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.15pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.1pt;mso-font-width:95%">Perception</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;mso-hansi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";mso-bidi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";color:#231F20">............................................................................... </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.25pt">51</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-top:.25pt;mso-list:l7 level3 lfo6;tab-stops:63.5pt 63.55pt dotted 352.3pt"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:81%">3.1.2<span style="font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:90%">Color</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.25pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:90%">Mixing</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.25pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:90%">and</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.25pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:90%">Early</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.25pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:90%">Color</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.2pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:90%">Representation</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.25pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.1pt;mso-font-width:90%">Systems</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;mso-hansi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";mso-bidi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";color:#231F20">..................... </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.25pt">53</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoListParagraph"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:81%">3.1.3<span style="font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.1pt;mso-font-width:95%">Trichromacy</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;mso-hansi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";mso-bidi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";color:#231F20">................................................................................................ </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.25pt;mso-font-width:95%">56</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoListParagraph"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:81%">3.1.4<span style="font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:95%">CIE<span style="letter-spacing:-.45pt"> </span>1931<span style="letter-spacing:-.45pt"> </span>RGB<span style="letter-spacing:-.45pt"> </span>and<span style="letter-spacing:-.55pt"> </span>XYZ<span style="letter-spacing:-.45pt"> </span>Color<span style="letter-spacing:-.45pt"></span><span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">Spaces</span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;mso-hansi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";mso-bidi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";color:#231F20">................................................ </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.25pt">57</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-top:.25pt;mso-list:l7 level3 lfo6;tab-stops:63.5pt 63.55pt dotted 352.3pt"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:81%">3.1.5<span style="font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:90%">CIE<span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt"> </span>1931<span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt"> </span>Chromaticity<span style="letter-spacing:-.15pt"> </span><span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">Diagram</span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;mso-hansi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";mso-bidi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";color:#231F20">............................................................ </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.25pt">59</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoListParagraph"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:81%">3.1.6<span style="font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:90%">Color<span style="letter-spacing:-.2pt"> </span>of<span style="letter-spacing:-.15pt"> </span>Light<span style="letter-spacing:-.15pt"> </span>Sources<span style="letter-spacing:-.15pt"></span>and<span style="letter-spacing:-.25pt"> </span><span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">Illuminants</span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;mso-hansi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";mso-bidi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";color:#231F20">................................................. </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.25pt;mso-font-width:95%">61</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-top:.25pt;mso-list:l7 level3 lfo6;tab-stops:63.5pt 63.55pt dotted 352.3pt"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:81%">3.1.7<span style="font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:90%">CIE</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20"> 1976 L*a*b*Color<span style="letter-spacing:-.05pt"></span>Space<span style="letter-spacing:-.05pt"> </span>and<span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt"> </span>Color<span style="letter-spacing:-.05pt"> </span>Appearance<span style="letter-spacing:.05pt"> </span><span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt;mso-font-width:90%">Models</span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;mso-hansi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";mso-bidi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";color:#231F20">......... </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.25pt">62</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-top:.15pt;mso-list:l7 level3 lfo6;tab-stops:63.5pt 63.55pt dotted 352.3pt"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:81%">3.1.8<span style="font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:90%">Von</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.25pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:90%">Kries</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.25pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:90%">Chromatic</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.25pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.1pt;mso-font-width:90%">Adaptation</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;mso-hansi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";mso-bidi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";color:#231F20">............................................................ </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.25pt">66</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-top:.25pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:0cm;margin-left:32.7pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-indent:-27.65pt;mso-list:l7 level2 lfo6;tab-stops:32.7pt 32.75pt dotted 352.3pt"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:81%">3.2<span style="font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:90%">Color<span style="letter-spacing:-.5pt"> </span>Measurement<span style="letter-spacing:-.4pt"> </span>and<span style="letter-spacing:-.45pt"> </span>Color<span style="letter-spacing:-.45pt"> </span><span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">Imaging</span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;mso-hansi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";mso-bidi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";color:#231F20">.............................................................. </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.25pt;mso-font-width:95%">67</span></p><p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-top:.25pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:0cm;margin-left:32.7pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-indent:-27.65pt;mso-list:l7 level2 lfo6;tab-stops:32.7pt 32.75pt dotted 352.3pt"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.25pt;mso-font-width:95%"><br></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoListParagraph"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:81%">3.2.1<span style="font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 10pt;"><font color="#231f20">Color</font><span style="color: rgb(35, 31, 32); letter-spacing: -0.25pt;"> </span><font color="#231f20">Characterization</font><span style="color: rgb(35, 31, 32); letter-spacing: -0.15pt;"> </span><font color="#231f20">of</font><span style="color: rgb(35, 31, 32); letter-spacing: -0.25pt;"> </span><font color="#231f20">a</font><span style="color: rgb(35, 31, 32); letter-spacing: -0.2pt;"> </span><font color="#231f20">Surface</font><span style="color: rgb(35, 31, 32); letter-spacing: -0.15pt;"></span><font color="#231f20">by</font><span style="color: rgb(35, 31, 32); letter-spacing: -0.25pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;"><font color="#231f20">Using</font> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: rgb(35, 31, 32);">a<span style="letter-spacing:-.3pt"> </span><span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">Spectrophotometer</span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; color: rgb(35, 31, 32);">.......................................... </span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: rgb(35, 31, 32); letter-spacing: -0.25pt;">67</span></p><p class="MsoListParagraph"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:81%">3.2.2<span style="font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.1pt;mso-font-width:95%">Metamerism</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;mso-hansi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";mso-bidi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";color:#231F20">................................................................................................. </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.25pt;mso-font-width:95%">69</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-top:.25pt;mso-list:l7 level3 lfo6;tab-stops:63.5pt 63.55pt dotted 352.3pt"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:81%">3.2.3<span style="font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:90%">Color<span style="letter-spacing:-.5pt"> </span>and<span style="letter-spacing:-.4pt"> </span>Spectral<span style="letter-spacing:-.4pt"> </span>Measurement<span style="letter-spacing:-.4pt"> </span>by<span style="letter-spacing:-.45pt"> </span>Imaging<span style="letter-spacing:-.45pt"> </span><span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">Techniques</span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;mso-hansi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";mso-bidi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";color:#231F20">................. </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.25pt;mso-font-width:95%">70</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoListParagraph"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:81%">3.2.4<span style="font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:90%">Measuring<span style="letter-spacing:-.35pt"> </span>the<span style="letter-spacing:-.3pt"> </span>Spectral<span style="letter-spacing:-.25pt"> </span>Response <span style="letter-spacing:-.3pt"></span>of<span style="letter-spacing:-.3pt"> </span>an<span style="letter-spacing:-.3pt"> </span>RGB<span style="letter-spacing:-.25pt"> </span><span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">Camera</span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;mso-hansi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";mso-bidi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";color:#231F20">........................ </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.25pt;mso-font-width:95%">73</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-top:.25pt;mso-list:l7 level3 lfo6;tab-stops:63.5pt 63.55pt dotted 352.3pt"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:81%">3.2.5<span style="font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:90%">Color</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:.05pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:90%">Calibration</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:.05pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:90%">of</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:.15pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:90%">an</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:.1pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:90%">RGB</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:.1pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:90%">Imaging</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:.15pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.1pt;mso-font-width:90%">System</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;mso-hansi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";mso-bidi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";color:#231F20">..................................... </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.25pt">74</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-top:.15pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:0cm;margin-left:32.7pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-indent:-27.65pt;mso-list:l7 level2 lfo6;tab-stops:32.7pt 32.75pt dotted 352.3pt"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:81%">3.3<span style="font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.1pt;mso-font-width:95%">Gloss</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;mso-hansi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";mso-bidi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";color:#231F20">.......................................................................................................................... </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.25pt;mso-font-width:95%">77</span></p><p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-top:.15pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:0cm;margin-left:32.7pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-indent:-27.65pt;mso-list:l7 level2 lfo6;tab-stops:32.7pt 32.75pt dotted 352.3pt"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.25pt;mso-font-width:95%"><br></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoListParagraph"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:81%">3.3.1<span style="font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:90%">Definition</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.2pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:90%">for</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.15pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.1pt;mso-font-width:90%">Gloss</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;mso-hansi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";mso-bidi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";color:#231F20">.................................................................................... </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.25pt;mso-font-width:95%">77</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-top:.25pt;mso-list:l7 level3 lfo6;tab-stops:63.5pt 63.55pt dotted 352.3pt"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:81%">3.3.2<span style="font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:85%">Gloss</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:.2pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.1pt;mso-font-width:95%">Measurement</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;mso-hansi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";mso-bidi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";color:#231F20">................................................................................... </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.25pt;mso-font-width:95%">78</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoBodyText" style="margin-top:12.1pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:0cm;margin-left:5.1pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;tab-stops:362.25pt"><u><span lang="EN-US" style="color:#231F20">CHAPTER<span style="letter-spacing:.95pt"> </span><span style="letter-spacing:-.5pt">4</span> </span></u><span lang="EN-US" style="color: rgb(35, 31, 32); letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">Plane</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: rgb(35, 31, 32); letter-spacing: -0.2pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: rgb(35, 31, 32); letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">Optical</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: rgb(35, 31, 32); letter-spacing: -0.1pt;"> Interfaces</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: rgb(35, 31, 32); letter-spacing: -0.15pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: rgb(35, 31, 32); letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">and</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: rgb(35, 31, 32); letter-spacing: -0.15pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: rgb(35, 31, 32); letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">Transparent</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: rgb(35, 31, 32); letter-spacing: -0.15pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: rgb(35, 31, 32); letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">Layers</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; color: rgb(35, 31, 32);">........................................................ </span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: rgb(35, 31, 32); letter-spacing: -0.25pt;">81</span></p><p class="MsoBodyText" style="margin-top:12.1pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:0cm;margin-left:5.1pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;tab-stops:362.25pt"><span lang="EN-US" style="color: rgb(35, 31, 32); letter-spacing: -0.25pt;"><br></span></p><p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-left:32.7pt;text-indent:-27.65pt;mso-list:l0 level2 lfo5;tab-stops:32.7pt 32.75pt dotted 352.3pt"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:81%">4.1<span style="font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:85%">Radiance</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:.7pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:85%">Reflection</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:.8pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:85%">and</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:.7pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:85%">Transmission</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:.75pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:85%">at</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:.65pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:85%">an</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:.75pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.1pt;mso-font-width:85%">Interface</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;mso-hansi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";mso-bidi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";color:#231F20">...................................... </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.25pt;mso-font-width:95%">82</span></p></div><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:0cm;line-height:normal;mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:none"></p><div class="WordSection3"><p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-top:4.15pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:0cm;margin-left:32.7pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-indent:-27.65pt;mso-list:l0 level2 lfo5;tab-stops:32.7pt 32.75pt right dotted 362.25pt"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:81%">4.2<span style="font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:85%">Bi-Hemispherical</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:1.0pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:85%">Reflectance</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:.95pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:85%">and</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:.95pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:85%">Transmittance</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:1.05pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:85%">of</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:.8pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:85%">an</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:.95pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.1pt;mso-font-width:85%">Interface</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;mso-hansi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";mso-bidi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";color:#231F20">.................. </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.25pt;mso-font-width:95%">84</span></p><p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-top:4.15pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:0cm;margin-left:32.7pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-indent:-27.65pt;mso-list:l0 level2 lfo5;tab-stops:32.7pt 32.75pt right dotted 362.25pt"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-top:.15pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:0cm;margin-left:32.7pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-indent:-27.65pt;mso-list:l0 level2 lfo5;tab-stops:32.7pt 32.75pt right dotted 362.25pt"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:81%">4.3<span style="font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:90%">Metals<span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt"> </span>and</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.35pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:90%">Strongly<span style="letter-spacing:-.05pt"> </span>Absorbing<span style="letter-spacing:-.05pt"> </span><span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">Media</span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;mso-hansi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";mso-bidi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";color:#231F20">............................................................... </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.25pt">86</span></p><p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-top:.15pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:0cm;margin-left:32.7pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-indent:-27.65pt;mso-list:l0 level2 lfo5;tab-stops:32.7pt 32.75pt right dotted 362.25pt"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.25pt"><br></span></p><p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-top:.15pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:0cm;margin-left:32.7pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-indent:-27.65pt;mso-list:l0 level2 lfo5;tab-stops:32.7pt 32.75pt right dotted 362.25pt"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-top:.25pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:0cm;margin-left:32.7pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-indent:-27.65pt;mso-list:l0 level2 lfo5;tab-stops:32.7pt 32.75pt right dotted 362.25pt"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:81%">4.4<span style="font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:90%">Angular<span style="letter-spacing:-.25pt"> </span>Reflectance<span style="letter-spacing:-.25pt"> </span>and<span style="letter-spacing:-.25pt"> </span>Transmittance<span style="letter-spacing:-.25pt"> </span>of<span style="letter-spacing:-.25pt"> </span>a<span style="letter-spacing:-.35pt"> </span>Clear <span style="letter-spacing:-.25pt"></span><span style="letter-spacing:-.2pt">Plate</span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;mso-hansi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";mso-bidi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";color:#231F20">............................... </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.25pt">88</span></p><p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-top:.25pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:0cm;margin-left:32.7pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-indent:-27.65pt;mso-list:l0 level2 lfo5;tab-stops:32.7pt 32.75pt right dotted 362.25pt"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.25pt"><br></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoListParagraph"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:81%">4.4.1<span style="font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:90%">Angular<span style="letter-spacing:-.35pt"> </span>Reflectance<span style="letter-spacing:-.3pt"> </span>and<span style="letter-spacing:-.3pt"> </span><span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">Transmittance</span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;mso-hansi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";mso-bidi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";color:#231F20">............................................... </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.25pt;mso-font-width:95%">88</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-top:.25pt;mso-list:l0 level3 lfo5;tab-stops:63.5pt 63.55pt right dotted 362.25pt"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:81%">4.4.2<span style="font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:85%">Bi-Hemispherical</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:1.05pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:85%">Reflectance</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:1.2pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:85%">and</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:1.15pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.1pt;mso-font-width:85%">Transmittance</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;mso-hansi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";mso-bidi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";color:#231F20">................................. </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.25pt;mso-font-width:95%">91</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-left:32.7pt;text-indent:-27.65pt;mso-list:l0 level2 lfo5;tab-stops:32.7pt 32.75pt right dotted 362.25pt"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:81%">4.5<span style="font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:90%">Spectral<span style="letter-spacing:-.4pt"> </span>Transmittance<span style="letter-spacing:-.45pt"> </span>of<span style="letter-spacing:-.45pt"> </span>Absorbing<span style="letter-spacing:-.4pt"> </span><span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">Layers</span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;mso-hansi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";mso-bidi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";color:#231F20">.................................................... </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.25pt">93</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-top:.25pt;mso-list:l0 level3 lfo5;tab-stops:63.5pt 63.55pt right dotted 362.25pt"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:81%">4.5.1<span style="font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:90%">Bouguer</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;mso-bidi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";color:#231F20;mso-font-width:90%">’</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:90%">s<span style="letter-spacing:-.3pt"> </span>Law<span style="letter-spacing:-.45pt"> </span>and<span style="letter-spacing:-.4pt"> </span>Beer</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;mso-bidi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";color:#231F20;mso-font-width:90%">’</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:90%">s<span style="letter-spacing:-.3pt"> </span><span style="letter-spacing:-.25pt">Law</span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;mso-bidi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";color:#231F20">............................................................... </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.25pt">93</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoListParagraph"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:81%">4.5.2<span style="font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:90%">Piles</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.2pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:90%">of</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.15pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:90%">Absorbing</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.15pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:90%">Layers</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.15pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:90%">and</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.2pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:90%">Mixing</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.15pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:90%">of</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.15pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:90%">Absorbing</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.15pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.1pt;mso-font-width:90%">Media</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;mso-hansi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";mso-bidi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";color:#231F20">.............. </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.25pt">95</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-top:.25pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:0cm;margin-left:32.7pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-indent:-27.65pt;mso-list:l0 level2 lfo5;tab-stops:32.7pt 32.75pt right dotted 362.25pt"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:81%">4.6<span style="font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:90%">Spectral<span style="letter-spacing:-.5pt"> </span>Reflectance<span style="letter-spacing:-.45pt"> </span>and<span style="letter-spacing:-.45pt"> </span>Transmittance<span style="letter-spacing:-.5pt"> </span>of<span style="letter-spacing:-.45pt"> </span>an<span style="letter-spacing:-.5pt"> </span>Absorbing <span style="letter-spacing:-.45pt"></span><span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">Plate</span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;mso-hansi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";mso-bidi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";color:#231F20">................... </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.25pt">95</span></p><p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-top:.25pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:0cm;margin-left:32.7pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-indent:-27.65pt;mso-list:l0 level2 lfo5;tab-stops:32.7pt 32.75pt right dotted 362.25pt"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.25pt"><br></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-top:.15pt;mso-list:l0 level3 lfo5;tab-stops:63.5pt 63.55pt right dotted 362.25pt"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:81%">4.6.1<span style="font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:90%">Angular<span style="letter-spacing:-.35pt"> </span>Reflectance<span style="letter-spacing:-.3pt"> </span>and<span style="letter-spacing:-.3pt"> </span><span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">Transmittance</span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;mso-hansi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";mso-bidi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";color:#231F20">............................................... </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.25pt;mso-font-width:95%">96</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoListParagraph"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:81%">4.6.2<span style="font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:85%">Bi-Hemispherical</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:1.05pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:85%">Reflectance</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:1.2pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:85%">and</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:1.15pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.1pt;mso-font-width:85%">Transmittance</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;mso-hansi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";mso-bidi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";color:#231F20">................................. </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.25pt;mso-font-width:95%">97</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-top:.25pt;mso-list:l0 level3 lfo5;tab-stops:63.5pt 63.55pt right dotted 362.25pt"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:81%">4.6.3<span style="font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:90%">Obtaining<span style="letter-spacing:-.3pt"> </span>the<span style="letter-spacing:-.2pt"> </span>Intrinsic<span style="letter-spacing:-.15pt"> </span>Parameters<span style="letter-spacing:-.25pt"> </span>of<span style="letter-spacing:-.2pt"> </span>an<span style="letter-spacing:-.2pt"> </span>Absorbing <span style="letter-spacing:-.25pt"></span><span style="letter-spacing:-.2pt">Plate</span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;mso-hansi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";mso-bidi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";color:#231F20">............... </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.25pt">98</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-left:32.7pt;text-indent:-27.65pt;mso-list:l0 level2 lfo5;tab-stops:32.7pt 32.75pt right dotted 362.25pt"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:81%">4.7<span style="font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:85%">Extensions</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:.25pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:85%">and</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:.25pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.1pt;mso-font-width:85%">Applications</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;mso-hansi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";mso-bidi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";color:#231F20">.................................................................................. </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.25pt;mso-font-width:95%">99</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoBodyText" style="margin-top:12.15pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:0cm;margin-left:5.1pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;tab-stops:362.25pt"><u><span lang="EN-US" style="color:#231F20">CHAPTER<span style="letter-spacing:.95pt"> </span><span style="letter-spacing:-.5pt">5</span> </span></u><span lang="EN-US" style="color: rgb(35, 31, 32);">Transparent<span style="letter-spacing:-.25pt"> </span>Multilayers:<span style="letter-spacing:-.2pt"> </span>Two-Flux<span style="letter-spacing:-.25pt"> </span>Models<span style="letter-spacing:-.25pt"> </span>for<span style="letter-spacing:-.25pt"> </span>Directional<span style="letter-spacing:-.25pt"> </span><span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">Light</span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; color: rgb(35, 31, 32);">......................... </span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: rgb(35, 31, 32); letter-spacing: -0.25pt;">101</span></p><p class="MsoBodyText" style="margin-top:12.15pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:0cm;margin-left:5.1pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;tab-stops:362.25pt"><span lang="EN-US" style="color: rgb(35, 31, 32); letter-spacing: -0.25pt;"><br></span></p><p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-top:.25pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:0cm;margin-left:32.7pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-indent:-27.65pt;mso-list:l3 level2 lfo4;tab-stops:32.7pt 32.75pt right dotted 362.25pt"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:81%">5.1<span style="font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:90%">Piles<span style="letter-spacing:-.2pt"> </span>of<span style="letter-spacing:-.2pt"> </span>Transparent<span style="letter-spacing:-.15pt"> </span>Plates<span style="letter-spacing:-.2pt"></span>Separated<span style="letter-spacing:-.15pt"> </span>by<span style="letter-spacing:-.2pt"> </span><span style="letter-spacing:-.25pt">Air</span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;mso-hansi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";mso-bidi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";color:#231F20">................................................. </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.25pt">102</span></p><p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-top:.25pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:0cm;margin-left:32.7pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-indent:-27.65pt;mso-list:l3 level2 lfo4;tab-stops:32.7pt 32.75pt right dotted 362.25pt"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.25pt"><br></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoListParagraph"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:81%">5.1.1<span style="font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:90%">Angular<span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt"> </span>Reflectance</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.3pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:90%">and</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.35pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:90%">Transmittance</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.3pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:90%">of</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.35pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:90%">Two</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.3pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.1pt;mso-font-width:90%">Plates</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;mso-hansi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";mso-bidi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";color:#231F20">.................. </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.25pt">103</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoListParagraph"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:81%">5.1.2<span style="font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:85%">Generalization</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:1.45pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:85%">to</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:1.85pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:85%">Non-Symmetric</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:1.85pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.1pt;mso-font-width:85%">Plates</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;mso-hansi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";mso-bidi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";color:#231F20">............................................ </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.25pt">105</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-top:.25pt;line-height:12.1pt;mso-line-height-rule:exactly;mso-list:l3 level3 lfo4;tab-stops:63.5pt 63.55pt right dotted 362.25pt"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:81%">5.1.3<span style="font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:90%">Generalization</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.25pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:90%">to</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:.05pt"> </span><i><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Book Antiqua",serif;mso-hansi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";color:#231F20;mso-font-width:90%">N</span></i><i><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Book Antiqua",serif;mso-hansi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";color:#231F20;letter-spacing:.6pt"> </span></i><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:90%">Plates:</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:.05pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:90%">Iterative</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20"> <span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt;mso-font-width:90%">Model</span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;mso-hansi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";mso-bidi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";color:#231F20">...................................... </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.25pt">105</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-top:0cm;line-height:11.95pt;mso-line-height-rule:exactly;mso-list:l3 level3 lfo4;tab-stops:63.5pt 63.55pt right dotted 362.25pt"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:81%">5.1.4<span style="font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:90%">Generalization</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.35pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:90%">to</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.05pt"> </span><i><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Book Antiqua",serif;mso-hansi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";color:#231F20;mso-font-width:90%">N</span></i><i><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Book Antiqua",serif;mso-hansi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";color:#231F20;letter-spacing:.5pt"> </span></i><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:90%">Plates:</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.05pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:90%">Flux</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.1pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:90%">Transfer</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.1pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:90%">Matrix</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.05pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.1pt;mso-font-width:90%">Model</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;mso-hansi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";mso-bidi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";color:#231F20">............... </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.25pt">105</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-top:0cm;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:0cm;margin-left:32.7pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-indent:-27.65pt;line-height:11.6pt;mso-line-height-rule:exactly;mso-list:l3 level2 lfo4;tab-stops:32.7pt 32.75pt right dotted 362.25pt"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:81%">5.2<span style="font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:90%">Piles</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.25pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:90%">of</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.2pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:90%">Identical</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.15pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.1pt;mso-font-width:90%">Plates</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;mso-hansi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";mso-bidi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";color:#231F20">...................................................................................... </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.25pt">108</span></p><p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-top:0cm;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:0cm;margin-left:32.7pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-indent:-27.65pt;line-height:11.6pt;mso-line-height-rule:exactly;mso-list:l3 level2 lfo4;tab-stops:32.7pt 32.75pt right dotted 362.25pt"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.25pt"><br></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-top:.15pt;mso-list:l3 level3 lfo4;tab-stops:63.5pt 63.55pt right dotted 362.25pt"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:81%">5.2.1<span style="font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:90%">Angular<span style="letter-spacing:-.35pt"> </span>Reflectance<span style="letter-spacing:-.3pt"> </span>and<span style="letter-spacing:-.3pt"> </span><span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">Transmittance</span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;mso-hansi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";mso-bidi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";color:#231F20">............................................. </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.25pt;mso-font-width:95%">108</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-top:.25pt;mso-list:l3 level3 lfo4;tab-stops:63.5pt 63.55pt right dotted 362.25pt"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:81%">5.2.2<span style="font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:90%">Degree</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.3pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:90%">of<span style="letter-spacing:-.05pt"> </span><span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">Polarization</span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;mso-hansi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";mso-bidi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";color:#231F20">............................................................................ </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.25pt">112</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoListParagraph"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:81%">5.2.3<span style="font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:85%">Bi-Hemispherical</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:1.05pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:85%">Reflectance</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:1.2pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:85%">and</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:1.15pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.1pt;mso-font-width:85%">Transmittance</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;mso-hansi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";mso-bidi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";color:#231F20">.............................. </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.25pt;mso-font-width:95%">116</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-top:.25pt;mso-list:l3 level3 lfo4;tab-stops:63.5pt 63.55pt right dotted 362.25pt"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:81%">5.2.4<span style="font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:85%">Generalization</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:1.45pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:85%">to</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:1.85pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:85%">Non-Symmetric</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:1.85pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.1pt;mso-font-width:85%">Plates</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;mso-hansi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";mso-bidi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";color:#231F20">............................................ </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.25pt">117</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height:12.1pt;mso-line-height-rule:exactly;mso-list:l3 level3 lfo4;tab-stops:63.5pt 63.55pt right dotted 362.25pt"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:81%">5.2.5<span style="font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:90%">Invariance<span style="letter-spacing:-.5pt"> </span>of<span style="letter-spacing:-.35pt"> </span>Parameter<span style="letter-spacing:-.5pt"> </span></span><i><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Book Antiqua",serif;mso-hansi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.5pt;mso-font-width:90%">a</span></i><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;mso-hansi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";mso-bidi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";color:#231F20">...................................................................... </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.25pt">118</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-top:0cm;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:0cm;margin-left:32.7pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-indent:-27.65pt;line-height:11.6pt;mso-line-height-rule:exactly;mso-list:l3 level2 lfo4;tab-stops:32.7pt 32.75pt right dotted 362.25pt"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:81%">5.3<span style="font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:90%">Layers<span style="letter-spacing:-.25pt"> </span>of<span style="letter-spacing:-.15pt"> </span>Different<span style="letter-spacing:-.15pt"> </span>Refractive<span style="letter-spacing:-.25pt"> </span>Indices<span style="letter-spacing:-.2pt"> </span>in<span style="letter-spacing:-.15pt"> </span>Optical <span style="letter-spacing:-.15pt"></span><span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">Contact</span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;mso-hansi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";mso-bidi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";color:#231F20">............................ </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.25pt">118</span></p><p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-top:0cm;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:0cm;margin-left:32.7pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-indent:-27.65pt;line-height:11.6pt;mso-line-height-rule:exactly;mso-list:l3 level2 lfo4;tab-stops:32.7pt 32.75pt right dotted 362.25pt"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.25pt"><br></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-top:.25pt;mso-list:l3 level3 lfo4;tab-stops:63.5pt 63.55pt right dotted 362.25pt"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:81%">5.3.1<span style="font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:90%">Flux<span style="letter-spacing:-.25pt"> </span>Transfer<span style="letter-spacing:-.25pt"></span>Matrices<span style="letter-spacing:-.25pt"> </span>for<span style="letter-spacing:-.25pt"> </span>Layers<span style="letter-spacing:-.3pt"></span>and<span style="letter-spacing:-.3pt"> </span><span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">Interfaces</span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;mso-hansi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";mso-bidi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";color:#231F20">............................. </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.25pt;mso-font-width:95%">119</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoListParagraph"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:81%">5.3.2<span style="font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:90%">Examples<span style="letter-spacing:-.35pt"> </span>of<span style="letter-spacing:-.35pt"> </span><span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">Multilayers</span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;mso-hansi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";mso-bidi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";color:#231F20">......................................................................... </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.25pt;mso-font-width:95%">120</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoListParagraph"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:81%">5.3.3<span style="font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:90%">Optical<span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt"> </span>Characterization</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.3pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:90%">of <span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">Liquids</span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;mso-hansi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";mso-bidi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";color:#231F20">.................................................... </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.25pt">121</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoListParagraph"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:81%">5.3.4<span style="font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:95%">Total<span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.1pt">Reflections</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;mso-hansi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";mso-bidi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";color:#231F20">................................................................................... </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.25pt">122</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoListParagraph"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:81%">5.3.5<span style="font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:90%">Nonpolarity<span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt"> </span>of</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.2pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:90%">Directional</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.15pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.1pt;mso-font-width:90%">Transmittance</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;mso-hansi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";mso-bidi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";color:#231F20">......................................... </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.25pt">123</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-top:.25pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:0cm;margin-left:32.7pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-indent:-27.65pt;mso-list:l3 level2 lfo4;tab-stops:32.7pt 32.75pt right dotted 362.25pt"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:81%">5.4<span style="font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.1pt;mso-font-width:95%">Examples</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;mso-hansi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";mso-bidi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";color:#231F20">.............................................................................................................. </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.25pt;mso-font-width:95%">124</span></p><p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-top:.25pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:0cm;margin-left:32.7pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-indent:-27.65pt;mso-list:l3 level2 lfo4;tab-stops:32.7pt 32.75pt right dotted 362.25pt"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.25pt;mso-font-width:95%"><br></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoListParagraph"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:81%">5.4.1<span style="font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:90%">Piles</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.35pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:90%">of</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.3pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:90%">Colored</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.25pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:90%">Films</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.3pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:90%">Separated</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.3pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:90%">by</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.35pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.25pt;mso-font-width:90%">Air</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;mso-hansi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";mso-bidi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";color:#231F20">............................................. </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.25pt">124</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-top:.25pt;mso-list:l3 level3 lfo4;tab-stops:63.5pt 63.55pt right dotted 362.25pt"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:81%">5.4.2<span style="font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:90%">Piles<span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt"> </span>of<span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt"> </span>Colored<span style="letter-spacing:-.05pt"> </span>Films<span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt"> </span>Separated<span style="letter-spacing:-.05pt"> </span>by<span style="letter-spacing:-.15pt"> </span>Different<span style="letter-spacing:-.15pt"> </span><span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">Media</span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;mso-hansi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";mso-bidi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";color:#231F20">....................... </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.25pt;mso-font-width:95%">125</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-left:32.7pt;text-indent:-27.65pt;mso-list:l3 level2 lfo4;tab-stops:32.7pt 32.75pt right dotted 362.25pt"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:81%">5.5<span style="font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:90%">Piles</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.3pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:90%">of</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.25pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:90%">Films</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.25pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:90%">on</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.3pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:90%">Top</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.1pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:90%">of</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.35pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:90%">a</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.25pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:90%">Specular</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.25pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.1pt;mso-font-width:90%">Background</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;mso-hansi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";mso-bidi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";color:#231F20">.......................................... </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.25pt;mso-font-width:95%">130</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoBodyText" style="margin-top:12.15pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:0cm;margin-left:5.1pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;tab-stops:362.25pt"><u><span lang="EN-US" style="color:#231F20">CHAPTER<span style="letter-spacing:.95pt"> </span><span style="letter-spacing:-.5pt">6</span> </span></u><span lang="EN-US" style="color: rgb(35, 31, 32);">Diffusing<span style="letter-spacing:-.4pt"> </span>Layers<span style="letter-spacing:-.4pt"> </span>and<span style="letter-spacing:-.5pt"> </span>Multilayers:<span style="letter-spacing:-.4pt"> </span>Two-Flux<span style="letter-spacing:-.35pt"> </span>Models<span style="letter-spacing:-.4pt"> </span>for<span style="letter-spacing:-.4pt"> </span>Diffuse<span style="letter-spacing:-.4pt"> </span><span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">Light</span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; color: rgb(35, 31, 32);">................. </span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: rgb(35, 31, 32); letter-spacing: -0.25pt;">133</span></p><p class="MsoBodyText" style="margin-top:12.15pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:0cm;margin-left:5.1pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;tab-stops:362.25pt"><span lang="EN-US" style="color: rgb(35, 31, 32); letter-spacing: -0.25pt;"><br></span></p><p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-top:.25pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:0cm;margin-left:32.7pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-indent:-27.65pt;mso-list:l1 level2 lfo3;tab-stops:32.7pt 32.75pt right dotted 362.25pt"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:81%">6.1<span style="font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:90%">The</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.3pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:90%">Kubelka</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;mso-bidi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";color:#231F20;mso-font-width:90%">–</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:90%">Munk</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.25pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.2pt;mso-font-width:90%">Model</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;mso-bidi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";color:#231F20">................................................................................. </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.25pt">134</span></p><p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-top:.25pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:0cm;margin-left:32.7pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-indent:-27.65pt;mso-list:l1 level2 lfo3;tab-stops:32.7pt 32.75pt right dotted 362.25pt"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.25pt"><br></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoListParagraph"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:81%">6.1.1<span style="font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:90%">The<span style="letter-spacing:-.3pt"> </span>Kubelka</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;mso-bidi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";color:#231F20;mso-font-width:90%">–</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:90%">Munk<span style="letter-spacing:-.25pt"> </span>Differential<span style="letter-spacing:-.3pt"> </span><span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">Equations</span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;mso-bidi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";color:#231F20">........................................ </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.25pt;mso-font-width:95%">134</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-top:.25pt;mso-list:l1 level3 lfo3;tab-stops:63.5pt 63.55pt right dotted 362.25pt"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:81%">6.1.2<span style="font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:85%">Reflectance</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:1.3pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:85%">and</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:1.25pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:85%">Transmittance</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:1.25pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.1pt;mso-font-width:85%">Formulae</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;mso-hansi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";mso-bidi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";color:#231F20">........................................... </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.25pt;mso-font-width:95%">135</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-top:.15pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:0cm;margin-left:32.7pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-indent:-27.65pt;mso-list:l1 level2 lfo3;tab-stops:32.7pt 32.75pt right dotted 362.25pt"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:81%">6.2<span style="font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:90%">Layers</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.35pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:90%">in</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.2pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:90%">Optical</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.15pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:90%">Contact<span style="letter-spacing:-.05pt"> </span>with</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.2pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:90%">a</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.15pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.1pt;mso-font-width:90%">Background</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;mso-hansi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";mso-bidi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";color:#231F20">............................................... </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.25pt;mso-font-width:95%">137</span></p><p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-top:.15pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:0cm;margin-left:32.7pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-indent:-27.65pt;mso-list:l1 level2 lfo3;tab-stops:32.7pt 32.75pt right dotted 362.25pt"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.25pt;mso-font-width:95%"><br></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-left:32.7pt;text-indent:-27.65pt;mso-list:l1 level2 lfo3;tab-stops:32.7pt 32.75pt right dotted 362.25pt"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:81%">6.3<span style="font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:90%">Light<span style="letter-spacing:-.4pt"> </span>Transfers<span style="letter-spacing:-.35pt"></span>at<span style="letter-spacing:-.35pt"> </span>the<span style="letter-spacing:-.4pt"> </span>Interfaces<span style="letter-spacing:-.3pt"> </span>Bordering<span style="letter-spacing:-.4pt"> </span>the<span style="letter-spacing:-.35pt"> </span><span style="letter-spacing:-.2pt">Layer</span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;mso-hansi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";mso-bidi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";color:#231F20">.................................. </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.25pt">138</span></p></div><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:0cm;line-height:normal;mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:none"></p><div class="WordSection4"><p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-top:4.15pt;mso-list:l1 level3 lfo3;tab-stops:63.5pt 63.55pt dotted 347.3pt"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:81%">6.3.1<span style="font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:85%">Saunderson</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:.45pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:85%">Correction</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:.3pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:85%">and</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:.3pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:85%">Inverse</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:.45pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.1pt;mso-font-width:85%">Formulae</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;mso-hansi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";mso-bidi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";color:#231F20">...................................... </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.25pt;mso-font-width:95%">138</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-top:.15pt;mso-list:l1 level3 lfo3;tab-stops:63.5pt 63.55pt"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:81%">6.3.2<span style="font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:85%">Saunderson</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:.45pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:85%">Correction</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:.3pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:85%">and</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:.3pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:85%">Inverse</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:.45pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:85%">Formulae</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:.35pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:85%">for</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:.45pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:85%">a</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:.3pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.1pt;mso-font-width:85%">Diffusing</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 10pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: rgb(35, 31, 32); letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">Plate</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; color: rgb(35, 31, 32);">................................................................. </span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: rgb(35, 31, 32); letter-spacing: -0.25pt;">141</span></p><p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-left:32.7pt;text-indent:-27.65pt;line-height:12.1pt;mso-line-height-rule:exactly;mso-list:l1 level2 lfo3;tab-stops:32.7pt 32.75pt dotted 347.3pt"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:81%">6.4<span style="font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:90%">Deducing</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.1pt"> </span><i><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Book Antiqua",serif;mso-hansi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";color:#231F20;mso-font-width:90%">K</span></i><i><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Book Antiqua",serif;mso-hansi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";color:#231F20;letter-spacing:.7pt"> </span></i><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:90%">and</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.05pt"> </span><i><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Book Antiqua",serif;mso-hansi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";color:#231F20;mso-font-width:90%">S</span></i><i><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Book Antiqua",serif;mso-hansi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";color:#231F20;letter-spacing:.6pt"> </span></i><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:90%">from</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.1pt"> Measurements</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;mso-hansi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";mso-bidi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";color:#231F20">........................................................... </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.25pt">143</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-top:0cm;line-height:11.6pt;mso-line-height-rule:exactly;mso-list:l1 level3 lfo3;tab-stops:63.5pt 63.55pt dotted 347.3pt"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:81%">6.4.1<span style="font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:90%">Drawdown<span style="letter-spacing:-.05pt"> </span>Card<span style="letter-spacing:-.05pt"> </span><span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">Method</span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;mso-hansi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";mso-bidi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";color:#231F20">......................................................................... </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.25pt">143</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-top:.25pt;mso-list:l1 level3 lfo3;tab-stops:63.5pt 63.55pt dotted 347.3pt"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:81%">6.4.2<span style="font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:85%">Reflectance</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:1.3pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:85%">and</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:1.25pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:85%">Transmittance</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:1.25pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.1pt;mso-font-width:85%">Method</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;mso-hansi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";mso-bidi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";color:#231F20">................................................. </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.25pt;mso-font-width:95%">145</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoListParagraph"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:81%">6.4.3<span style="font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:90%">Choosing<span style="letter-spacing:-.05pt"> </span>the<span style="letter-spacing:-.05pt"> </span>Appropriate<span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt"> Method</span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;mso-hansi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";mso-bidi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";color:#231F20">....................................................... </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.25pt">145</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-top:.25pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:0cm;margin-left:32.7pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-indent:-27.65pt;mso-list:l1 level2 lfo3;tab-stops:32.7pt 32.75pt dotted 347.3pt"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:81%">6.5<span style="font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.1pt;mso-font-width:95%">Example</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;mso-hansi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";mso-bidi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";color:#231F20">.................................................................................................................. </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.25pt;mso-font-width:95%">146</span></p><p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-top:.25pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:0cm;margin-left:32.7pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-indent:-27.65pt;mso-list:l1 level2 lfo3;tab-stops:32.7pt 32.75pt dotted 347.3pt"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.25pt;mso-font-width:95%"><br></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-left:32.7pt;text-indent:-27.65pt;mso-list:l1 level2 lfo3;tab-stops:32.7pt 32.75pt dotted 347.3pt"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:81%">6.6<span style="font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:90%">Mixture</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.15pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:90%">of</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.15pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:90%">Scattering</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.15pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.1pt;mso-font-width:90%">Materials</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;mso-hansi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";mso-bidi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";color:#231F20">......................................................................... </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.25pt;mso-font-width:95%">148</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-top:.15pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:0cm;margin-left:32.7pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-indent:-27.65pt;mso-list:l1 level2 lfo3;tab-stops:32.7pt 32.75pt dotted 347.3pt"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:81%">6.7<span style="font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:90%">Validity<span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt"> </span>of</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.3pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:90%">the</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.3pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:90%">Kubelka</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;mso-bidi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";color:#231F20;mso-font-width:90%">–</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:90%">Munk</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.2pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.1pt;mso-font-width:90%">Model</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;mso-bidi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";color:#231F20">............................................................... </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.25pt">149</span></p><p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-top:.15pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:0cm;margin-left:32.7pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-indent:-27.65pt;mso-list:l1 level2 lfo3;tab-stops:32.7pt 32.75pt dotted 347.3pt"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.25pt"><br></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-top:.25pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:0cm;margin-left:32.7pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-indent:-27.65pt;mso-list:l1 level2 lfo3;tab-stops:32.7pt 32.75pt dotted 347.3pt"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:81%">6.8<span style="font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:85%">Diffusing</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:.4pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.1pt;mso-font-width:95%">Multilayers</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;mso-hansi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";mso-bidi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";color:#231F20">............................................................................................ </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.25pt;mso-font-width:95%">150</span></p><p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-top:.25pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:0cm;margin-left:32.7pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-indent:-27.65pt;mso-list:l1 level2 lfo3;tab-stops:32.7pt 32.75pt dotted 347.3pt"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.25pt;mso-font-width:95%"><br></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoListParagraph"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:81%">6.8.1<span style="font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:85%">Kubelka</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;mso-bidi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";color:#231F20;mso-font-width:85%">’</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:85%">s</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:.7pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:85%">Compositional</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:.7pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:85%">Formulae</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:.75pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:85%">and</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:.75pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:85%">Flux</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:.7pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:85%">Transfer</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:.75pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.1pt;mso-font-width:85%">Matrix</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 10pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: rgb(35, 31, 32); letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">Model</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; color: rgb(35, 31, 32);">........................................... </span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: rgb(35, 31, 32); letter-spacing: -0.25pt;">151</span></p><p class="MsoListParagraph"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:81%">6.8.2<span style="font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:90%">Example:<span style="letter-spacing:-.35pt"> </span>Piles<span style="letter-spacing:-.3pt"> </span>of<span style="letter-spacing:-.35pt"> </span>Identical<span style="letter-spacing:-.3pt"> </span>Diffusing<span style="letter-spacing:-.3pt"> </span><span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">Sheets</span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;mso-hansi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";mso-bidi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";color:#231F20">....................................... </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.25pt;mso-font-width:95%">152</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-top:.25pt;mso-list:l1 level3 lfo3;tab-stops:63.5pt 63.55pt dotted 347.3pt"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:81%">6.8.3<span style="font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:85%">Kubelka</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;mso-bidi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";color:#231F20;mso-font-width:85%">’</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:85%">s</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:1.15pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:85%">Formulae</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:1.1pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:85%">and</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:1.05pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:85%">Kubelka</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;mso-bidi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";color:#231F20;mso-font-width:85%">–</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:85%">Munk</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:1.15pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.1pt;mso-font-width:85%">Model</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;mso-bidi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";color:#231F20">.................................. </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.25pt;mso-font-width:95%">153<br></span><span lang="EN-US" style="text-indent: -30.35pt; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 101%; color: rgb(35, 31, 32);"><br>ExtendedSaunderson Correction for Multilayers: The Matrix </span><span lang="EN-US" style="text-indent: -30.35pt; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 101%; color: rgb(35, 31, 32); letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">Method</span><span lang="EN-US" style="text-indent: -30.35pt; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 101%; font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; color: rgb(35, 31, 32);"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="text-indent: -30.35pt; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 101%; color: rgb(35, 31, 32); letter-spacing: -0.45pt;">154</span></p><p class="MsoBodyText" style="margin-top:11.85pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:0cm;margin-left:5.1pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;tab-stops:362.25pt"><u><span lang="EN-US" style="color:#231F20">CHAPTER<span style="letter-spacing:.95pt"> </span><span style="letter-spacing:-.5pt">7</span> </span></u><span lang="EN-US" style="color: rgb(35, 31, 32); letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">Nonscattering</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: rgb(35, 31, 32); letter-spacing: -0.35pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: rgb(35, 31, 32); letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">Layers</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: rgb(35, 31, 32); letter-spacing: -0.3pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: rgb(35, 31, 32); letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">on</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: rgb(35, 31, 32); letter-spacing: -0.25pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: rgb(35, 31, 32); letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">a</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: rgb(35, 31, 32); letter-spacing: -0.25pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: rgb(35, 31, 32); letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">Diffusing</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: rgb(35, 31, 32); letter-spacing: -0.3pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: rgb(35, 31, 32); letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">Background</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; color: rgb(35, 31, 32);">..................................................... </span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: rgb(35, 31, 32); letter-spacing: -0.25pt;">157</span></p><p class="MsoBodyText" style="margin-top:11.85pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:0cm;margin-left:5.1pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;tab-stops:362.25pt"><span lang="EN-US" style="color: rgb(35, 31, 32); letter-spacing: -0.25pt;"><br></span></p><p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-top:.25pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:0cm;margin-left:32.7pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-indent:-27.65pt;mso-list:l4 level2 lfo2;tab-stops:32.7pt 32.75pt dotted 347.3pt"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:81%">7.1<span style="font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:90%">Uniform</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.3pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:90%">Layer</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.25pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:90%">on</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.3pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:90%">Top</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.1pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:90%">of</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.25pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:90%">a<span style="letter-spacing:-.05pt"> </span>Diffusing</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.2pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.1pt;mso-font-width:90%">Background</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;mso-hansi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";mso-bidi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";color:#231F20">......................................... </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.25pt;mso-font-width:95%">158</span></p><p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-top:.25pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:0cm;margin-left:32.7pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-indent:-27.65pt;mso-list:l4 level2 lfo2;tab-stops:32.7pt 32.75pt dotted 347.3pt"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.25pt;mso-font-width:95%"><br></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoListParagraph"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:81%">7.1.1<span style="font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:90%">Williams</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;mso-bidi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";color:#231F20;mso-font-width:90%">–</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:90%">Clapper</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.05pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.2pt">Model</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;mso-bidi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";color:#231F20">....................................................................... </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.25pt">158</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-top:.15pt;mso-list:l4 level3 lfo2;tab-stops:63.5pt 63.55pt dotted 347.3pt"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:81%">7.1.2<span style="font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:90%">Berns</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;mso-bidi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";color:#231F20;mso-font-width:90%">’<span style="letter-spacing:-.25pt"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.1pt">Model</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;mso-bidi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";color:#231F20">............................................................................................ </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.25pt">161</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-top:.25pt;mso-list:l4 level3 lfo2;tab-stops:63.5pt 63.55pt"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:81%">7.1.3<span style="font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:85%">Insurface</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:.15pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:85%">and</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:.2pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:85%">Subsurface</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:.25pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:85%">Reflections</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:.2pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.1pt;mso-font-width:85%">According</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 10pt; letter-spacing: -0.1pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: rgb(35, 31, 32);">to</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: rgb(35, 31, 32); letter-spacing: 0.15pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: rgb(35, 31, 32);">the</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: rgb(35, 31, 32); letter-spacing: 0.15pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: rgb(35, 31, 32);">Lighting</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: rgb(35, 31, 32); letter-spacing: 0.1pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: rgb(35, 31, 32); letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">Geometry</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; color: rgb(35, 31, 32);">................................... </span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: rgb(35, 31, 32); letter-spacing: -0.25pt;">162</span></p><p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-top:.25pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:0cm;margin-left:32.7pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-indent:-27.65pt;mso-list:l4 level2 lfo2;tab-stops:32.7pt 32.75pt dotted 347.3pt"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:81%">7.2<span style="font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:90%">Transparent<span style="letter-spacing:-.4pt"> </span>Multilayers<span style="letter-spacing:-.3pt"> </span>on<span style="letter-spacing:-.4pt"> </span>Top<span style="letter-spacing:-.2pt"> </span>of<span style="letter-spacing:-.4pt"> </span>a<span style="letter-spacing:-.35pt"> </span>Diffusing<span style="letter-spacing:-.35pt"> </span><span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">Background</span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;mso-hansi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";mso-bidi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";color:#231F20">........................ </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.25pt">165</span></p><p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-top:.25pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:0cm;margin-left:32.7pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-indent:-27.65pt;mso-list:l4 level2 lfo2;tab-stops:32.7pt 32.75pt dotted 347.3pt"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.25pt"><br></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-left:32.7pt;text-indent:-27.65pt;mso-list:l4 level2 lfo2;tab-stops:32.7pt 32.75pt dotted 347.3pt"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:81%">7.3<span style="font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:90%">Generalized</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.1pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:90%">Two-Flux</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.1pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.2pt;mso-font-width:90%">Model</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;mso-hansi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";mso-bidi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";color:#231F20">.............................................................................. </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.25pt">168</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-top:.25pt;mso-list:l4 level3 lfo2;tab-stops:63.5pt 63.55pt dotted 347.3pt"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:81%">7.3.1<span style="font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:90%">Configurations</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.05pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:90%">Where</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:.1pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:90%">a</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.1pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:90%">Two-Flux</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:.05pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:90%">Model</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20"> <span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt;mso-font-width:90%">Applies</span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;mso-hansi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";mso-bidi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";color:#231F20">............................ </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.25pt">168</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoListParagraph"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:81%">7.3.2<span style="font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:85%">Multiple</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:1.05pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:85%">Reflection</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:.9pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:85%">Processes</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:1.05pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:85%">and</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:.9pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.1pt;mso-font-width:85%">Homogeneous</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 10pt; letter-spacing: -0.1pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: rgb(35, 31, 32);">Discrete-Time<span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt"> </span>Markov <span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">Chains</span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; color: rgb(35, 31, 32);">............................... </span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: rgb(35, 31, 32); letter-spacing: -0.25pt;">170</span></p><p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-top:.15pt;mso-list:l4 level3 lfo2;tab-stops:63.5pt 63.55pt dotted 347.3pt"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:81%">7.3.3<span style="font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:90%">Transition</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20"> Probability<span style="letter-spacing:.05pt"></span><span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt;mso-font-width:90%">Matrices</span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;mso-hansi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";mso-bidi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";color:#231F20">............................................................ </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.25pt;mso-font-width:95%">172</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-top:.25pt;mso-list:l4 level3 lfo2;tab-stops:63.5pt 63.55pt dotted 347.3pt"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:81%">7.3.4<span style="font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:90%">Average</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:.1pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:90%">Number</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:.05pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:90%">of</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.05pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.1pt;mso-font-width:90%">Transfers</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;mso-hansi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";mso-bidi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";color:#231F20">................................................................ </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.25pt;mso-font-width:95%">173</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-left:32.7pt;text-indent:-27.65pt;mso-list:l4 level2 lfo2;tab-stops:32.7pt 32.75pt dotted 347.3pt"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:81%">7.4<span style="font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:90%">Spectral<span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt"> </span>Reflectance<span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt"> </span>of<span style="letter-spacing:-.2pt"> </span>Printed<span style="letter-spacing:-.15pt"> </span><span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">Surfaces</span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;mso-hansi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";mso-bidi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";color:#231F20">......................................................... </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.25pt;mso-font-width:95%">174</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-top:.25pt;mso-list:l4 level3 lfo2;tab-stops:63.5pt 63.55pt dotted 347.3pt"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:81%">7.4.1<span style="font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:90%">Halftone<span style="letter-spacing:-.05pt"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.1pt;mso-font-width:95%">Colors</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;mso-hansi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";mso-bidi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";color:#231F20">......................................................................................... </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.25pt;mso-font-width:95%">174</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoListParagraph"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:81%">7.4.2<span style="font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:85%">Spectral</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:.9pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:85%">Neugebauer</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:1.0pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.2pt;mso-font-width:85%">Model</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;mso-hansi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";mso-bidi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";color:#231F20">..................................................................... </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.25pt;mso-font-width:95%">176</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoListParagraph"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:81%">7.4.3<span style="font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:85%">Yule</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;mso-bidi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";color:#231F20;mso-font-width:85%">–</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:85%">Nielsen</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:1.55pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:85%">Modified</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:1.65pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:85%">Spectral</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:1.65pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:85%">Neugebauer</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:1.75pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.1pt;mso-font-width:85%">Model</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;mso-bidi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";color:#231F20">............................ </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.25pt">177</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-top:.25pt;mso-list:l4 level3 lfo2;tab-stops:63.5pt 63.55pt dotted 347.3pt"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:81%">7.4.4<span style="font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:90%">Clapper</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;mso-bidi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";color:#231F20;mso-font-width:90%">–</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:90%">Yule<span style="letter-spacing:-.15pt"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.2pt">Model</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;mso-bidi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";color:#231F20">............................................................................... </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.25pt">179</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-left:32.7pt;text-indent:-27.65pt;mso-list:l4 level2 lfo2;tab-stops:32.7pt 32.75pt dotted 347.3pt"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:81%">7.5<span style="font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:90%">Calibration</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.05pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:90%">of</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.1pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:90%">the</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.1pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:90%">Halftone</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.1pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:90%">Color</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.05pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:90%">Prediction</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.1pt"> Models</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;mso-hansi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";mso-bidi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";color:#231F20">.................................... </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.25pt">180</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoListParagraph"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:81%">7.5.1<span style="font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:90%">Obtaining<span style="letter-spacing:-.35pt"> </span>Spectral <span style="letter-spacing:-.25pt"></span><span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">Parameters</span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;mso-hansi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";mso-bidi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";color:#231F20">............................................................. </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.25pt;mso-font-width:95%">181</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoListParagraph"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:81%">7.5.2<span style="font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:85%">Ink</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:.25pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:85%">Spreading</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:.2pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:85%">Assessment</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:.25pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.1pt;mso-font-width:85%">Methods</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;mso-hansi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";mso-bidi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";color:#231F20">........................................................ </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.25pt;mso-font-width:95%">182</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-top:.25pt;mso-list:l4 level3 lfo2;tab-stops:63.5pt 63.55pt dotted 347.3pt"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:81%">7.5.3<span style="font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:90%">Basic</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.15pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:90%">Ink</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.05pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:90%">Spreading</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.1pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:90%">(BIS)</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.05pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.1pt;mso-font-width:90%">Method</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;mso-hansi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";mso-bidi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";color:#231F20">....................................................... </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.25pt">182</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoListParagraph"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:81%">7.5.4<span style="font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:85%">Superimposition-Dependent</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:1.75pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:85%">Ink</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:1.8pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:85%">Spreading</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:1.75pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:85%">(SDIS)</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:1.75pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.1pt;mso-font-width:85%">Method</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;mso-hansi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";mso-bidi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";color:#231F20">............... </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.25pt;mso-font-width:95%">184</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-top:.25pt;mso-list:l4 level3 lfo2;tab-stops:63.5pt 63.55pt dotted 347.3pt"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:81%">7.5.5<span style="font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:90%">Predicting<span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt"> </span>the<span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt"> </span>Spectral<span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt"> </span>Reflectance<span style="letter-spacing:-.05pt"> </span>of<span style="letter-spacing:-.15pt"> </span><span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">Halftones</span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;mso-hansi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";mso-bidi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";color:#231F20">............................... </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.25pt">184</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoListParagraph"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:81%">7.5.6<span style="font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.1pt;mso-font-width:90%">Four-Ink</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.2pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.1pt;mso-font-width:90%">Halftone</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.15pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.1pt;mso-font-width:90%">Colors</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;mso-hansi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";mso-bidi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";color:#231F20">........................................................................ </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.25pt;mso-font-width:95%">186</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt"><o:p></o:p></span></p></div><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:0cm;line-height:normal;mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:none"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Bookman Old Style",serif;mso-fareast-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";mso-bidi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";mso-ansi-language:EN-US;mso-fareast-language:EN-US;mso-bidi-language:AR-SA"><br clear="all" style="page-break-before:always;mso-break-type:section-break"></span></p><div class="WordSection5"><p class="MsoBodyText" style="margin-top:3.95pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:0cm;margin-left:5.1pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;tab-stops:362.25pt"><u><span lang="EN-US" style="color:#231F20">CHAPTER<span style="letter-spacing:.95pt"> </span><span style="letter-spacing:-.5pt">8</span> </span></u><span lang="EN-US" style="color: rgb(35, 31, 32);">Angle-Dependent<span style="letter-spacing:-.05pt"> </span>Light</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: rgb(35, 31, 32); letter-spacing: -0.25pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: rgb(35, 31, 32); letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">Scattering</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; color: rgb(35, 31, 32);">................................................................................ </span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: rgb(35, 31, 32); letter-spacing: -0.25pt;">187</span></p><p class="MsoBodyText" style="margin-top:3.95pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:0cm;margin-left:5.1pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;tab-stops:362.25pt"><span lang="EN-US" style="color: rgb(35, 31, 32); letter-spacing: -0.25pt;"><br></span></p><p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-left:32.7pt;text-indent:-27.65pt;mso-list:l5 level2 lfo1;tab-stops:32.7pt 32.75pt dotted 347.3pt"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:81%">8.1<span style="font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:85%">Surface</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.05pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.1pt;mso-font-width:95%">Scattering</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;mso-hansi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";mso-bidi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";color:#231F20">................................................................................................. </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.25pt;mso-font-width:95%">187</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-top:.25pt;mso-list:l5 level3 lfo1;tab-stops:63.5pt 63.55pt dotted 347.3pt"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:81%">8.1.1<span style="font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:85%">Surface</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.3pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:85%">Roughness</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.2pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.1pt;mso-font-width:85%">Measurement</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;mso-hansi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";mso-bidi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";color:#231F20">............................................................. </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.25pt;mso-font-width:95%">188</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-top:.15pt;mso-list:l5 level3 lfo1;tab-stops:63.5pt 63.55pt dotted 347.3pt"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:81%">8.1.2<span style="font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:90%">Modelling</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.25pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:90%">a</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.15pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:90%">Randomly</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.15pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:90%">Rough</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.15pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.1pt;mso-font-width:90%">Surface</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;mso-hansi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";mso-bidi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";color:#231F20">................................................ </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.25pt;mso-font-width:95%">188</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoListParagraph"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:81%">8.1.3<span style="font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:95%">BRDF<span style="letter-spacing:-.65pt"> </span>and<span style="letter-spacing:-.25pt"> </span>BTDF<span style="letter-spacing:-.25pt"> </span>Optical <span style="letter-spacing:-.05pt"></span><span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">Models</span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;mso-hansi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";mso-bidi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";color:#231F20">........................................................ </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.25pt">189</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-top:.25pt;mso-list:l5 level3 lfo1;tab-stops:63.5pt 63.55pt dotted 347.3pt"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:81%">8.1.4<span style="font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:85%">Microfacet</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:1.3pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:85%">Model</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:1.35pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:85%">and</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:1.4pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:85%">Smith</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;mso-bidi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";color:#231F20;mso-font-width:85%">’</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:85%">s</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:1.4pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:85%">Shadowing-Masking</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:1.4pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.1pt;mso-font-width:85%">Function</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;mso-bidi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";color:#231F20">........... </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.25pt">190</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoListParagraph"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:81%">8.1.5<span style="font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:85%">Spherical</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:.15pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.1pt;mso-font-width:95%">Surfaces</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;mso-hansi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";mso-bidi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";color:#231F20">................................................................................... </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.25pt;mso-font-width:95%">193</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-top:.25pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:0cm;margin-left:32.7pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-indent:-27.65pt;mso-list:l5 level2 lfo1;tab-stops:32.7pt 32.75pt dotted 347.3pt"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:81%">8.2<span style="font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.1pt;mso-font-width:90%">Volume</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.35pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.1pt;mso-font-width:90%">Scattering</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;mso-hansi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";mso-bidi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";color:#231F20">................................................................................................. </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.25pt;mso-font-width:95%">195</span></p><p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-top:.25pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:0cm;margin-left:32.7pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-indent:-27.65pt;mso-list:l5 level2 lfo1;tab-stops:32.7pt 32.75pt dotted 347.3pt"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.25pt;mso-font-width:95%"><br></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoListParagraph"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:81%">8.2.1<span style="font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:85%">Scattering</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:1.35pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:85%">Description</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:1.2pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.1pt;mso-font-width:85%">Parameters</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;mso-hansi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";mso-bidi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";color:#231F20">.......................................................... </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.25pt;mso-font-width:95%">195</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-top:.25pt;mso-list:l5 level3 lfo1;tab-stops:63.5pt 63.55pt dotted 347.3pt"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:81%">8.2.2<span style="font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:95%">Types<span style="letter-spacing:-.45pt"> </span>of<span style="letter-spacing:-.35pt"> </span><span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">Scattering</span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;mso-hansi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";mso-bidi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";color:#231F20">.................................................................................. </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.25pt">198</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoListParagraph"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:81%">8.2.3<span style="font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:90%">The</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:.1pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:90%">Radiative</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:.05pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:90%">Transfer</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:.05pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.1pt;mso-font-width:90%">Equation</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;mso-hansi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";mso-bidi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";color:#231F20">......................................................... </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.25pt">199</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoListParagraph"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:81%">8.2.4<span style="font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:90%">Scattering<span style="letter-spacing:-.35pt"> </span>in<span style="letter-spacing:-.35pt"> </span>Lambertian<span style="letter-spacing:-.4pt"> </span><span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">Layers</span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;mso-hansi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";mso-bidi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";color:#231F20">........................................................... </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.25pt;mso-font-width:95%">200</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoBodyText" style="margin-top:12.15pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:0cm;margin-left:5.1pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;tab-stops:dotted 347.3pt"><span lang="EN-US" style="color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.1pt;mso-font-width:90%">Exercises</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;mso-hansi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";mso-bidi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";color:#231F20">............................................................................................................................ </span><span lang="EN-US" style="color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.25pt;mso-font-width:90%">201</span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoBodyText" style="margin-top:12.2pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:0cm;margin-left:5.1pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;tab-stops:dotted 347.3pt"><span lang="EN-US" style="color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.1pt;mso-font-width:95%">Corrections</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;mso-hansi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";mso-bidi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";color:#231F20">........................................................................................................................ </span><span lang="EN-US" style="color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.25pt;mso-font-width:95%">211</span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoBodyText" style="margin-top:12.2pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:0cm;margin-left:5.1pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;tab-stops:dotted 347.3pt"><span lang="EN-US" style="color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.1pt;mso-font-width:95%">Acknowledgements</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;mso-hansi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";mso-bidi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";color:#231F20">.......................................................................................................... </span><span lang="EN-US" style="color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.25pt;mso-font-width:95%">229</span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoBodyText" style="margin-top:12.1pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:0cm;margin-left:5.1pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;tab-stops:dotted 347.3pt"><span lang="EN-US" style="color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.1pt;mso-font-width:95%">References</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;mso-hansi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";mso-bidi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";color:#231F20">.......................................................................................................................... </span><span lang="EN-US" style="color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.25pt;mso-font-width:95%">231</span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoBodyText" style="margin-top:12.2pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:0cm;margin-left:5.1pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;tab-stops:dotted 347.3pt"><span lang="EN-US" style="color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.1pt;mso-font-width:95%">Index</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;mso-hansi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";mso-bidi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";color:#231F20">................................................................................................................................... </span><span lang="EN-US" style="color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.25pt;mso-font-width:95%">243</span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p></div><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:0cm;line-height:normal;mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:none"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Bookman Old Style",serif;mso-fareast-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";mso-bidi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";mso-ansi-language:EN-US;mso-fareast-language:EN-US;mso-bidi-language:AR-SA"><br clear="all" style="page-break-before:always;mso-break-type:section-break"></span></p><p class="MsoBodyText"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:8.5pt;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt"> </span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:0cm;line-height:normal;mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:none"><br></p><p class="MsoBodyText" style="margin-top:12.2pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:0cm;margin-left:5.1pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;tab-stops:dotted 347.3pt"><br></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:0cm;line-height:normal;mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:none"><span lang="EN-US" style="color: rgb(35, 31, 32);"> The</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: rgb(35, 31, 32); letter-spacing: -0.1pt;"> Author</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; color: rgb(35, 31, 32);">......................................................................................................................... </span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: rgb(35, 31, 32); letter-spacing: -0.25pt;">III</span><br></p><div class="WordSection1"><p class="MsoBodyText" style="margin-top:.2pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:0cm;margin-left:5.1pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;tab-stops:right dotted 362.25pt"><span lang="EN-US" style="color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.1pt">Preface</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;mso-hansi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";mso-bidi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";color:#231F20">................................................................................................................................... </span><span lang="EN-US" style="color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.5pt">V</span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoBodyText" style="margin-top:.25pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:0cm;margin-left:5.1pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;tab-stops:right dotted 362.3pt"><span lang="EN-US" style="color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.1pt">Foreword</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;mso-hansi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";mso-bidi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";color:#231F20">........................................................................................................................... </span><span lang="EN-US" style="color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.25pt">VII</span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoBodyText" style="margin-top:11.55pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:0cm;margin-left:5.1pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt"><span style="mso-ignore:vglayout;position:absolute;z-index:15729152;left:0px;margin-left:88px;margin-top:198px;width:595px;height:1px"><img width="476" height="1" src="file:///C:/Users/igarric/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image001.gif" v:shapes="docshape2"></span><span lang="EN-US"><font color="#231f20">CHAPTER</font><span style="color: rgb(35, 31, 32); letter-spacing: 1.05pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.5pt;"><font color="#231f20">2</font> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: rgb(35, 31, 32);">Spectral</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: rgb(35, 31, 32); letter-spacing: -0.25pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: rgb(35, 31, 32);">Radiometry<span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt"> </span>of</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: rgb(35, 31, 32); letter-spacing: -0.2pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: rgb(35, 31, 32); letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">Surfaces</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; color: rgb(35, 31, 32);">.................................................................................... </span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: rgb(35, 31, 32); letter-spacing: -0.25pt;">29</span></p><p class="MsoBodyText" style="margin-top:12.15pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:0cm;margin-left:5.1pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt"><span lang="EN-US" style="color: rgb(35, 31, 32); letter-spacing: -0.25pt;"><br></span></p><p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-top:.25pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:0cm;margin-left:32.7pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-indent:-27.65pt;mso-list:l2 level2 lfo7;tab-stops:32.7pt 32.75pt right dotted 362.25pt"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:81%">2.1<span style="font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:90%">Types</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:.15pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:90%">of</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:.25pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:90%">Reflecting</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:.25pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.1pt;mso-font-width:90%">Surfaces</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;mso-hansi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";mso-bidi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";color:#231F20">............................................................................... </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.25pt">30</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-top:.15pt;mso-list:l2 level3 lfo7;tab-stops:63.5pt 63.55pt right dotted 362.25pt"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:81%">2.1.1<span style="font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:85%">Mirrors</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:.4pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:85%">and</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:.45pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:85%">Specular</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:.45pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.1pt;mso-font-width:85%">Reflectors</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;mso-hansi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";mso-bidi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";color:#231F20">............................................................... </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.25pt;mso-font-width:95%">30</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoListParagraph"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:81%">2.1.2<span style="font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:90%">Very<span style="letter-spacing:-.25pt"> </span>Matte <span style="letter-spacing:-.25pt"></span>Surfaces:<span style="letter-spacing:-.25pt"> </span>Lambertian<span style="letter-spacing:-.25pt"> </span><span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">Reflectors</span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;mso-hansi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";mso-bidi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";color:#231F20">........................................ </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.25pt">30</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-top:.25pt;mso-list:l2 level3 lfo7;tab-stops:63.5pt 63.55pt right dotted 362.25pt"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:81%">2.1.3<span style="font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:85%">Intermediate</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:2.05pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.1pt;mso-font-width:90%">Cases</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;mso-hansi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";mso-bidi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";color:#231F20">.................................................................................... </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.25pt;mso-font-width:95%">31</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-top:1.6pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:0cm;margin-left:32.7pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-indent:-27.65pt;mso-list:l2 level2 lfo7;tab-stops:32.7pt 32.75pt right dotted 362.25pt"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:81%">2.2<span style="font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.1pt;mso-font-width:90%">Light</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.1pt"> Transmission</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.05pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.1pt;mso-font-width:90%">Through</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20"> <span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt;mso-font-width:90%">Objects</span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;mso-hansi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";mso-bidi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";color:#231F20">................................................................. </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.25pt;mso-font-width:95%">31</span></p><p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-top:1.6pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:0cm;margin-left:32.7pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-indent:-27.65pt;mso-list:l2 level2 lfo7;tab-stops:32.7pt 32.75pt right dotted 362.25pt"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.25pt;mso-font-width:95%"><br></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-left:32.7pt;text-indent:-27.65pt;mso-list:l2 level2 lfo7;tab-stops:32.7pt 32.75pt right dotted 362.25pt"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:81%">2.3<span style="font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:85%">Angular</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:1.15pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:85%">Spectral</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:1.15pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:85%">Reflectance</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:1.1pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:85%">and</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:1.2pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.1pt;mso-font-width:85%">Transmittance</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;mso-hansi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";mso-bidi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";color:#231F20">.............................................. </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.25pt;mso-font-width:95%">32</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt"><o:p></o:p></span></p></div><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:0cm;line-height:normal;mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:none"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Bookman Old Style",serif;mso-fareast-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";mso-bidi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";mso-ansi-language:EN-US;mso-fareast-language:EN-US;mso-bidi-language:AR-SA"><br clear="all" style="page-break-before:always;mso-break-type:section-break"></span></p><div class="WordSection2"><p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-top:4.15pt;margin-right:6.0pt;margin-bottom:0cm;margin-left:32.7pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-indent:-27.65pt;line-height:100%;mso-list:l2 level2 lfo7;tab-stops:32.7pt 32.75pt dotted 352.3pt"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;line-height:100%;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:81%">2.4<span style="font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;line-height:100%;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:90%">Bi-DirectionalReflectance/Transmittance Distribution Function </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;line-height:100%;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.1pt">(BRDF/BTDF)</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;line-height:100%;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;mso-hansi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";mso-bidi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";color:#231F20"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;line-height:100%;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.5pt;mso-font-width:85%">33</span></p><p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-top:4.15pt;margin-right:6.0pt;margin-bottom:0cm;margin-left:32.7pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-indent:-27.65pt;line-height:100%;mso-list:l2 level2 lfo7;tab-stops:32.7pt 32.75pt dotted 352.3pt"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;line-height:100%;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.5pt;mso-font-width:85%"><br></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;line-height:100%"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-top:.15pt;mso-list:l2 level3 lfo7;tab-stops:63.5pt 63.55pt dotted 352.3pt"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:81%">2.4.1<span style="font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.1pt;mso-font-width:95%">Definition</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;mso-hansi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";mso-bidi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";color:#231F20">...................................................................................................... </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.25pt;mso-font-width:95%">33</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoListParagraph"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:81%">2.4.2<span style="font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:90%">BRDF</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.25pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:90%">of</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:.55pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:90%">Some</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:.5pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:90%">Typical</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:.5pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.1pt;mso-font-width:90%">Reflectors</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;mso-hansi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";mso-bidi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";color:#231F20">.......................................................... </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.25pt">34</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-top:.25pt;mso-list:l2 level3 lfo7;tab-stops:63.5pt 63.55pt dotted 352.3pt"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:81%">2.4.3<span style="font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:90%">Lambert</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;mso-bidi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";color:#231F20;mso-font-width:90%">’</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:90%">s</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.2pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:90%">Azimuthal</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.15pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:90%">Equal-Area</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.15pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.1pt;mso-font-width:90%">Projection</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;mso-bidi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";color:#231F20">........................................ </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.25pt">35</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoListParagraph"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:81%">2.4.4<span style="font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:90%">BRDF</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.15pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:90%">Measurement</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.2pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.1pt;mso-font-width:90%">Systems</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;mso-hansi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";mso-bidi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";color:#231F20">.................................................................. </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.25pt;mso-font-width:95%">36</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-top:.25pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:0cm;margin-left:32.7pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-indent:-27.65pt;mso-list:l2 level2 lfo7;tab-stops:32.7pt 32.75pt dotted 352.3pt"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:81%">2.5<span style="font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:85%">Spectral</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:1.15pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:85%">Reflectance</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:1.05pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:85%">and</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:1.1pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:85%">Transmittance</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:1.05pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.1pt;mso-font-width:85%">Factors</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;mso-hansi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";mso-bidi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";color:#231F20">............................................... </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.25pt;mso-font-width:95%">37</span></p><p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-top:.25pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:0cm;margin-left:32.7pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-indent:-27.65pt;mso-list:l2 level2 lfo7;tab-stops:32.7pt 32.75pt dotted 352.3pt"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.25pt;mso-font-width:95%"><br></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoListParagraph"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:81%">2.5.1<span style="font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:85%">Reflectance,</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:1.65pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.1pt;mso-font-width:95%">Transmittance</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;mso-hansi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";mso-bidi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";color:#231F20">...................................................................... </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.25pt;mso-font-width:95%">37</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-top:.25pt;mso-list:l2 level3 lfo7;tab-stops:63.5pt 63.55pt dotted 352.3pt"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:81%">2.5.2<span style="font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:85%">Spectral</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:2.25pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:85%">Reflectance/Transmittance</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:2.3pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.1pt;mso-font-width:85%">Factor</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;mso-hansi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";mso-bidi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";color:#231F20">........................................... </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.25pt;mso-font-width:95%">38</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-top:.15pt;mso-list:l2 level3 lfo7;tab-stops:63.5pt 63.55pt dotted 352.3pt"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:81%">2.5.3<span style="font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:85%">Spectral</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:1.2pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:85%">Radiance</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:1.2pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.1pt;mso-font-width:85%">Factor</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;mso-hansi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";mso-bidi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";color:#231F20">........................................................................... </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.25pt;mso-font-width:95%">39</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-top:.25pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:0cm;margin-left:32.7pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-indent:-27.65pt;mso-list:l2 level2 lfo7;tab-stops:32.7pt 32.75pt dotted 352.3pt"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:81%">2.6<span style="font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:85%">Geometries</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:.85pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:85%">and</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:.85pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:85%">Devices</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:.9pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:85%">for</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:.8pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:85%">the</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:.8pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:85%">Measurement</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:.8pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:85%">of</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:.85pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:85%">Reflectance</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:.75pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.1pt;mso-font-width:85%">Factors</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;mso-hansi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";mso-bidi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";color:#231F20">........... </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.25pt;mso-font-width:95%">39</span></p><p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-top:.25pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:0cm;margin-left:32.7pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-indent:-27.65pt;mso-list:l2 level2 lfo7;tab-stops:32.7pt 32.75pt dotted 352.3pt"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.25pt;mso-font-width:95%"><br></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoListParagraph"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:81%">2.6.1<span style="font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:90%">Nicodemus</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;mso-bidi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";color:#231F20;mso-font-width:90%">’<span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:90%">Nomenclature<span style="letter-spacing:-.35pt"> </span>for<span style="letter-spacing:-.35pt"> </span>Nine<span style="letter-spacing:-.45pt"> </span>Reflectance<span style="letter-spacing:-.4pt"> </span><span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">Factors</span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;mso-bidi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";color:#231F20">.................... </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.25pt;mso-font-width:95%">40</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-top:.25pt;mso-list:l2 level3 lfo7;tab-stops:63.5pt 63.55pt dotted 352.3pt"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:81%">2.6.2<span style="font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:85%">Geometries</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:1.45pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:85%">Using</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:1.45pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:85%">Integrating</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:1.35pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.1pt;mso-font-width:85%">Spheres</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;mso-hansi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";mso-bidi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";color:#231F20">..................................................... </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.25pt;mso-font-width:95%">41</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoListParagraph"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:81%">2.6.3<span style="font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.1pt;mso-font-width:90%">Bidirectional</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.05pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.1pt;mso-font-width:90%">and</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.1pt"> Annular</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.05pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.1pt;mso-font-width:90%">Geometries</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;mso-hansi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";mso-bidi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";color:#231F20">.................................................. </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.25pt;mso-font-width:95%">43</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-top:.25pt;mso-list:l2 level3 lfo7;tab-stops:63.5pt 63.55pt dotted 352.3pt"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:81%">2.6.4<span style="font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:85%">Effective</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:1.15pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:85%">Measurement</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:1.15pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.1pt;mso-font-width:85%">Geometry</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;mso-hansi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";mso-bidi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";color:#231F20">.............................................................. </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.25pt;mso-font-width:95%">43</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-left:32.7pt;text-indent:-27.65pt;mso-list:l2 level2 lfo7;tab-stops:32.7pt 32.75pt dotted 352.3pt"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:81%">2.7<span style="font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:85%">Surface</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:.85pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:85%">Distribution</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:.9pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.1pt;mso-font-width:85%">Functions</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;mso-hansi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";mso-bidi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";color:#231F20">............................................................................... </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.25pt;mso-font-width:95%">45</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-top:.25pt;mso-list:l2 level3 lfo7;tab-stops:63.5pt 63.55pt"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:81%">2.7.1<span style="font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:85%">Bidirectional</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:1.65pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:85%">Scattering-Surface</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:1.55pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:85%">Reflectance</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:1.65pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.1pt;mso-font-width:85%">Distribution</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 10pt; letter-spacing: -0.1pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: rgb(35, 31, 32);">Function</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: rgb(35, 31, 32); letter-spacing: 0.6pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: rgb(35, 31, 32); letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">(BSSRDF)</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; color: rgb(35, 31, 32);">..................................................... </span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: rgb(35, 31, 32); letter-spacing: -0.25pt;">45</span></p><p class="MsoListParagraph"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:81%">2.7.2<span style="font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:90%">Point<span style="letter-spacing:-.5pt"> </span>Spread<span style="letter-spacing:-.4pt"> </span>Function<span style="letter-spacing:-.45pt"> </span><span style="letter-spacing:-.2pt">(PSF)</span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;mso-hansi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";mso-bidi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";color:#231F20">.................................................................... </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.25pt">46</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoBodyText" style="margin-top:12.15pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:0cm;margin-left:5.1pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;tab-stops:362.25pt"><u><span lang="EN-US" style="color:#231F20">CHAPTER<span style="letter-spacing:.95pt"> </span><span style="letter-spacing:-.5pt">3</span> </span></u><span lang="EN-US" style="color: rgb(35, 31, 32);">Visual<span style="letter-spacing:-.25pt"> </span>Characterization<span style="letter-spacing:-.2pt"> </span>of<span style="letter-spacing:-.25pt"> </span><span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">Surfaces</span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; color: rgb(35, 31, 32);">............................................................................... </span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: rgb(35, 31, 32); letter-spacing: -0.25pt;">49</span></p><p class="MsoBodyText" style="margin-top:12.15pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:0cm;margin-left:5.1pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;tab-stops:362.25pt"><span lang="EN-US" style="color: rgb(35, 31, 32); letter-spacing: -0.25pt;"><br></span></p><p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-left:32.7pt;text-indent:-27.65pt;mso-list:l7 level2 lfo6;tab-stops:32.7pt 32.75pt dotted 352.3pt"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:81%">3.1<span style="font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:90%">Color</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.3pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:90%">and</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.25pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.1pt;mso-font-width:90%">Colorimetry</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;mso-hansi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";mso-bidi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";color:#231F20">........................................................................................... </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.25pt">51</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoListParagraph"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:81%">3.1.1<span style="font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:95%">A</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.1pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:95%">Relative</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.15pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.1pt;mso-font-width:95%">Perception</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;mso-hansi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";mso-bidi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";color:#231F20">............................................................................... </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.25pt">51</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-top:.25pt;mso-list:l7 level3 lfo6;tab-stops:63.5pt 63.55pt dotted 352.3pt"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:81%">3.1.2<span style="font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:90%">Color</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.25pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:90%">Mixing</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.25pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:90%">and</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.25pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:90%">Early</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.25pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:90%">Color</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.2pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:90%">Representation</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.25pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.1pt;mso-font-width:90%">Systems</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;mso-hansi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";mso-bidi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";color:#231F20">..................... </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.25pt">53</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoListParagraph"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:81%">3.1.3<span style="font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.1pt;mso-font-width:95%">Trichromacy</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;mso-hansi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";mso-bidi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";color:#231F20">................................................................................................ </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.25pt;mso-font-width:95%">56</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoListParagraph"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:81%">3.1.4<span style="font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:95%">CIE<span style="letter-spacing:-.45pt"> </span>1931<span style="letter-spacing:-.45pt"> </span>RGB<span style="letter-spacing:-.45pt"> </span>and<span style="letter-spacing:-.55pt"> </span>XYZ<span style="letter-spacing:-.45pt"> </span>Color<span style="letter-spacing:-.45pt"></span><span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">Spaces</span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;mso-hansi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";mso-bidi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";color:#231F20">................................................ </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.25pt">57</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-top:.25pt;mso-list:l7 level3 lfo6;tab-stops:63.5pt 63.55pt dotted 352.3pt"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:81%">3.1.5<span style="font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:90%">CIE<span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt"> </span>1931<span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt"> </span>Chromaticity<span style="letter-spacing:-.15pt"> </span><span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">Diagram</span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;mso-hansi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";mso-bidi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";color:#231F20">............................................................ </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.25pt">59</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoListParagraph"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:81%">3.1.6<span style="font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:90%">Color<span style="letter-spacing:-.2pt"> </span>of<span style="letter-spacing:-.15pt"> </span>Light<span style="letter-spacing:-.15pt"> </span>Sources<span style="letter-spacing:-.15pt"></span>and<span style="letter-spacing:-.25pt"> </span><span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">Illuminants</span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;mso-hansi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";mso-bidi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";color:#231F20">................................................. </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.25pt;mso-font-width:95%">61</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-top:.25pt;mso-list:l7 level3 lfo6;tab-stops:63.5pt 63.55pt dotted 352.3pt"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:81%">3.1.7<span style="font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:90%">CIE</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20"> 1976 L*a*b*Color<span style="letter-spacing:-.05pt"></span>Space<span style="letter-spacing:-.05pt"> </span>and<span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt"> </span>Color<span style="letter-spacing:-.05pt"> </span>Appearance<span style="letter-spacing:.05pt"> </span><span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt;mso-font-width:90%">Models</span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;mso-hansi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";mso-bidi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";color:#231F20">......... </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.25pt">62</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-top:.15pt;mso-list:l7 level3 lfo6;tab-stops:63.5pt 63.55pt dotted 352.3pt"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:81%">3.1.8<span style="font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:90%">Von</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.25pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:90%">Kries</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.25pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:90%">Chromatic</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.25pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.1pt;mso-font-width:90%">Adaptation</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;mso-hansi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";mso-bidi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";color:#231F20">............................................................ </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.25pt">66</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-top:.25pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:0cm;margin-left:32.7pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-indent:-27.65pt;mso-list:l7 level2 lfo6;tab-stops:32.7pt 32.75pt dotted 352.3pt"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:81%">3.2<span style="font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:90%">Color<span style="letter-spacing:-.5pt"> </span>Measurement<span style="letter-spacing:-.4pt"> </span>and<span style="letter-spacing:-.45pt"> </span>Color<span style="letter-spacing:-.45pt"> </span><span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">Imaging</span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;mso-hansi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";mso-bidi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";color:#231F20">.............................................................. </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.25pt;mso-font-width:95%">67</span></p><p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-top:.25pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:0cm;margin-left:32.7pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-indent:-27.65pt;mso-list:l7 level2 lfo6;tab-stops:32.7pt 32.75pt dotted 352.3pt"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.25pt;mso-font-width:95%"><br></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoListParagraph"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:81%">3.2.1<span style="font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 10pt;"><font color="#231f20">Color</font><span style="color: rgb(35, 31, 32); letter-spacing: -0.25pt;"> </span><font color="#231f20">Characterization</font><span style="color: rgb(35, 31, 32); letter-spacing: -0.15pt;"> </span><font color="#231f20">of</font><span style="color: rgb(35, 31, 32); letter-spacing: -0.25pt;"> </span><font color="#231f20">a</font><span style="color: rgb(35, 31, 32); letter-spacing: -0.2pt;"> </span><font color="#231f20">Surface</font><span style="color: rgb(35, 31, 32); letter-spacing: -0.15pt;"></span><font color="#231f20">by</font><span style="color: rgb(35, 31, 32); letter-spacing: -0.25pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;"><font color="#231f20">Using</font> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: rgb(35, 31, 32);">a<span style="letter-spacing:-.3pt"> </span><span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">Spectrophotometer</span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; color: rgb(35, 31, 32);">..................................... </span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: rgb(35, 31, 32); letter-spacing: -0.25pt;">67</span></p><p class="MsoListParagraph"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:81%">3.2.2<span style="font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.1pt;mso-font-width:95%">Metamerism</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;mso-hansi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";mso-bidi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";color:#231F20">................................................................................................. </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.25pt;mso-font-width:95%">69</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-top:.25pt;mso-list:l7 level3 lfo6;tab-stops:63.5pt 63.55pt dotted 352.3pt"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:81%">3.2.3<span style="font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:90%">Color<span style="letter-spacing:-.5pt"> </span>and<span style="letter-spacing:-.4pt"> </span>Spectral<span style="letter-spacing:-.4pt"> </span>Measurement<span style="letter-spacing:-.4pt"> </span>by<span style="letter-spacing:-.45pt"> </span>Imaging<span style="letter-spacing:-.45pt"> </span><span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">Techniques</span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;mso-hansi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";mso-bidi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";color:#231F20">................. </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.25pt;mso-font-width:95%">70</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoListParagraph"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:81%">3.2.4<span style="font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:90%">Measuring<span style="letter-spacing:-.35pt"> </span>the<span style="letter-spacing:-.3pt"> </span>Spectral<span style="letter-spacing:-.25pt"> </span>Response<span style="letter-spacing:-.3pt"></span>of<span style="letter-spacing:-.3pt"> </span>an<span style="letter-spacing:-.3pt"> </span>RGB<span style="letter-spacing:-.25pt"> </span><span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">Camera</span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;mso-hansi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";mso-bidi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";color:#231F20">........................ </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.25pt;mso-font-width:95%">73</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-top:.25pt;mso-list:l7 level3 lfo6;tab-stops:63.5pt 63.55pt dotted 352.3pt"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:81%">3.2.5<span style="font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:90%">Color</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:.05pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:90%">Calibration</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:.05pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:90%">of</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:.15pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:90%">an</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:.1pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:90%">RGB</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:.1pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:90%">Imaging</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:.15pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.1pt;mso-font-width:90%">System</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;mso-hansi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";mso-bidi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";color:#231F20">..................................... </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.25pt">74</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-top:.15pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:0cm;margin-left:32.7pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-indent:-27.65pt;mso-list:l7 level2 lfo6;tab-stops:32.7pt 32.75pt dotted 352.3pt"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:81%">3.3<span style="font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.1pt;mso-font-width:95%">Gloss</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;mso-hansi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";mso-bidi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";color:#231F20">.......................................................................................................................... </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.25pt;mso-font-width:95%">77</span></p><p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-top:.15pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:0cm;margin-left:32.7pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-indent:-27.65pt;mso-list:l7 level2 lfo6;tab-stops:32.7pt 32.75pt dotted 352.3pt"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.25pt;mso-font-width:95%"><br></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoListParagraph"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:81%">3.3.1<span style="font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:90%">Definition</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.2pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:90%">for</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.15pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.1pt;mso-font-width:90%">Gloss</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;mso-hansi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";mso-bidi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";color:#231F20">.................................................................................... </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.25pt;mso-font-width:95%">77</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-top:.25pt;mso-list:l7 level3 lfo6;tab-stops:63.5pt 63.55pt dotted 352.3pt"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:81%">3.3.2<span style="font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:85%">Gloss</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:.2pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.1pt;mso-font-width:95%">Measurement</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;mso-hansi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";mso-bidi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";color:#231F20">................................................................................... </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.25pt;mso-font-width:95%">78</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoBodyText" style="margin-top:12.1pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:0cm;margin-left:5.1pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;tab-stops:362.25pt"><u><span lang="EN-US" style="color:#231F20">CHAPTER<span style="letter-spacing:.95pt"> </span><span style="letter-spacing:-.5pt">4</span> </span></u><span lang="EN-US" style="color: rgb(35, 31, 32); letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">Plane</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: rgb(35, 31, 32); letter-spacing: -0.2pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: rgb(35, 31, 32); letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">Optical</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: rgb(35, 31, 32); letter-spacing: -0.1pt;"> Interfaces</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: rgb(35, 31, 32); letter-spacing: -0.15pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: rgb(35, 31, 32); letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">and</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: rgb(35, 31, 32); letter-spacing: -0.15pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: rgb(35, 31, 32); letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">Transparent</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: rgb(35, 31, 32); letter-spacing: -0.15pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: rgb(35, 31, 32); letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">Layers</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; color: rgb(35, 31, 32);">........................................................ </span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: rgb(35, 31, 32); letter-spacing: -0.25pt;">81</span></p><p class="MsoBodyText" style="margin-top:12.1pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:0cm;margin-left:5.1pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;tab-stops:362.25pt"><span lang="EN-US" style="color: rgb(35, 31, 32); letter-spacing: -0.25pt;"><br></span></p><p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-left:32.7pt;text-indent:-27.65pt;mso-list:l0 level2 lfo5;tab-stops:32.7pt 32.75pt dotted 352.3pt"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:81%">4.1<span style="font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:85%">Radiance</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:.7pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:85%">Reflection</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:.8pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:85%">and</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:.7pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:85%">Transmission</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:.75pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:85%">at</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:.65pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:85%">an</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:.75pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.1pt;mso-font-width:85%">Interface</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;mso-hansi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";mso-bidi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";color:#231F20">...................................... </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.25pt;mso-font-width:95%">82</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt"><o:p></o:p></span></p></div><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:0cm;line-height:normal;mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:none"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Bookman Old Style",serif;mso-fareast-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";mso-bidi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";mso-ansi-language:EN-US;mso-fareast-language:EN-US;mso-bidi-language:AR-SA"><br clear="all" style="page-break-before:always;mso-break-type:section-break"></span></p><div class="WordSection3"><p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-top:4.15pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:0cm;margin-left:32.7pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-indent:-27.65pt;mso-list:l0 level2 lfo5;tab-stops:32.7pt 32.75pt right dotted 362.25pt"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:81%">4.2<span style="font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:85%">Bi-Hemispherical</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:1.0pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:85%">Reflectance</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:.95pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:85%">and</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:.95pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:85%">Transmittance</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:1.05pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:85%">of</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:.8pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:85%">an</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:.95pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.1pt;mso-font-width:85%">Interface</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;mso-hansi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";mso-bidi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";color:#231F20">.................. </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.25pt;mso-font-width:95%">84</span></p><p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-top:4.15pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:0cm;margin-left:32.7pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-indent:-27.65pt;mso-list:l0 level2 lfo5;tab-stops:32.7pt 32.75pt right dotted 362.25pt"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.25pt;mso-font-width:95%"><br></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-top:.15pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:0cm;margin-left:32.7pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-indent:-27.65pt;mso-list:l0 level2 lfo5;tab-stops:32.7pt 32.75pt right dotted 362.25pt"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:81%">4.3<span style="font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:90%">Metals<span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt"> </span>and</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.35pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:90%">Strongly<span style="letter-spacing:-.05pt"> </span>Absorbing<span style="letter-spacing:-.05pt"> </span><span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">Media</span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;mso-hansi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";mso-bidi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";color:#231F20">............................................................... </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.25pt">86</span></p><p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-top:.15pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:0cm;margin-left:32.7pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-indent:-27.65pt;mso-list:l0 level2 lfo5;tab-stops:32.7pt 32.75pt right dotted 362.25pt"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.25pt"><br></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-top:.25pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:0cm;margin-left:32.7pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-indent:-27.65pt;mso-list:l0 level2 lfo5;tab-stops:32.7pt 32.75pt right dotted 362.25pt"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:81%">4.4<span style="font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:90%">Angular<span style="letter-spacing:-.25pt"> </span>Reflectance<span style="letter-spacing:-.25pt"> </span>and<span style="letter-spacing:-.25pt"> </span>Transmittance<span style="letter-spacing:-.25pt"> </span>of<span style="letter-spacing:-.25pt"> </span>a<span style="letter-spacing:-.35pt"> </span>Clear <span style="letter-spacing:-.25pt"></span><span style="letter-spacing:-.2pt">Plate</span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;mso-hansi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";mso-bidi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";color:#231F20">............................... </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.25pt">88</span></p><p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-top:.25pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:0cm;margin-left:32.7pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-indent:-27.65pt;mso-list:l0 level2 lfo5;tab-stops:32.7pt 32.75pt right dotted 362.25pt"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.25pt"><br></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoListParagraph"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:81%">4.4.1<span style="font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:90%">Angular<span style="letter-spacing:-.35pt"> </span>Reflectance<span style="letter-spacing:-.3pt"> </span>and<span style="letter-spacing:-.3pt"> </span><span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">Transmittance</span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;mso-hansi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";mso-bidi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";color:#231F20">............................................... </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.25pt;mso-font-width:95%">88</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-top:.25pt;mso-list:l0 level3 lfo5;tab-stops:63.5pt 63.55pt right dotted 362.25pt"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:81%">4.4.2<span style="font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:85%">Bi-Hemispherical</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:1.05pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:85%">Reflectance</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:1.2pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:85%">and</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:1.15pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.1pt;mso-font-width:85%">Transmittance</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;mso-hansi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";mso-bidi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";color:#231F20">................................. </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.25pt;mso-font-width:95%">91</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-left:32.7pt;text-indent:-27.65pt;mso-list:l0 level2 lfo5;tab-stops:32.7pt 32.75pt right dotted 362.25pt"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:81%">4.5<span style="font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:90%">Spectral<span style="letter-spacing:-.4pt"> </span>Transmittance<span style="letter-spacing:-.45pt"> </span>of<span style="letter-spacing:-.45pt"> </span>Absorbing<span style="letter-spacing:-.4pt"> </span><span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">Layers</span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;mso-hansi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";mso-bidi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";color:#231F20">.................................................... </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.25pt">93</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-top:.25pt;mso-list:l0 level3 lfo5;tab-stops:63.5pt 63.55pt right dotted 362.25pt"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:81%">4.5.1<span style="font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:90%">Bouguer</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;mso-bidi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";color:#231F20;mso-font-width:90%">’</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:90%">s<span style="letter-spacing:-.3pt"> </span>Law<span style="letter-spacing:-.45pt"> </span>and<span style="letter-spacing:-.4pt"> </span>Beer</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;mso-bidi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";color:#231F20;mso-font-width:90%">’</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:90%">s<span style="letter-spacing:-.3pt"> </span><span style="letter-spacing:-.25pt">Law</span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;mso-bidi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";color:#231F20">............................................................... </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.25pt">93</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoListParagraph"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:81%">4.5.2<span style="font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:90%">Piles</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.2pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:90%">of</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.15pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:90%">Absorbing</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.15pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:90%">Layers</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.15pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:90%">and</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.2pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:90%">Mixing</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.15pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:90%">of</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.15pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:90%">Absorbing</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.15pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.1pt;mso-font-width:90%">Media</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;mso-hansi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";mso-bidi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";color:#231F20">.............. </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.25pt">95</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-top:.25pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:0cm;margin-left:32.7pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-indent:-27.65pt;mso-list:l0 level2 lfo5;tab-stops:32.7pt 32.75pt right dotted 362.25pt"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:81%">4.6<span style="font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:90%">Spectral<span style="letter-spacing:-.5pt"> </span>Reflectance<span style="letter-spacing:-.45pt"> </span>and<span style="letter-spacing:-.45pt"> </span>Transmittance<span style="letter-spacing:-.5pt"> </span>of<span style="letter-spacing:-.45pt"> </span>an<span style="letter-spacing:-.5pt"> </span>Absorbing <span style="letter-spacing:-.45pt"></span><span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">Plate</span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;mso-hansi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";mso-bidi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";color:#231F20">................... </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.25pt">95</span></p><p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-top:.25pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:0cm;margin-left:32.7pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-indent:-27.65pt;mso-list:l0 level2 lfo5;tab-stops:32.7pt 32.75pt right dotted 362.25pt"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.25pt"><br></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-top:.15pt;mso-list:l0 level3 lfo5;tab-stops:63.5pt 63.55pt right dotted 362.25pt"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:81%">4.6.1<span style="font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:90%">Angular<span style="letter-spacing:-.35pt"> </span>Reflectance<span style="letter-spacing:-.3pt"> </span>and<span style="letter-spacing:-.3pt"> </span><span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">Transmittance</span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;mso-hansi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";mso-bidi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";color:#231F20">............................................... </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.25pt;mso-font-width:95%">96</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoListParagraph"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:81%">4.6.2<span style="font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:85%">Bi-Hemispherical</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:1.05pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:85%">Reflectance</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:1.2pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:85%">and</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:1.15pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.1pt;mso-font-width:85%">Transmittance</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;mso-hansi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";mso-bidi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";color:#231F20">................................. </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.25pt;mso-font-width:95%">97</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-top:.25pt;mso-list:l0 level3 lfo5;tab-stops:63.5pt 63.55pt right dotted 362.25pt"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:81%">4.6.3<span style="font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:90%">Obtaining<span style="letter-spacing:-.3pt"> </span>the<span style="letter-spacing:-.2pt"> </span>Intrinsic<span style="letter-spacing:-.15pt"> </span>Parameters<span style="letter-spacing:-.25pt"> </span>of<span style="letter-spacing:-.2pt"> </span>an<span style="letter-spacing:-.2pt"> </span>Absorbing <span style="letter-spacing:-.25pt"></span><span style="letter-spacing:-.2pt">Plate</span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;mso-hansi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";mso-bidi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";color:#231F20">............... </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.25pt">98</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-left:32.7pt;text-indent:-27.65pt;mso-list:l0 level2 lfo5;tab-stops:32.7pt 32.75pt right dotted 362.25pt"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:81%">4.7<span style="font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:85%">Extensions</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:.25pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:85%">and</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:.25pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.1pt;mso-font-width:85%">Applications</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;mso-hansi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";mso-bidi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";color:#231F20">.................................................................................. </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.25pt;mso-font-width:95%">99</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoBodyText" style="margin-top:12.15pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:0cm;margin-left:5.1pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;tab-stops:362.25pt"><u><span lang="EN-US" style="color:#231F20">CHAPTER<span style="letter-spacing:.95pt"> </span><span style="letter-spacing:-.5pt">5</span> </span></u><span lang="EN-US" style="color: rgb(35, 31, 32);">Transparent<span style="letter-spacing:-.25pt"> </span>Multilayers:<span style="letter-spacing:-.2pt"> </span>Two-Flux<span style="letter-spacing:-.25pt"> </span>Models<span style="letter-spacing:-.25pt"> </span>for<span style="letter-spacing:-.25pt"> </span>Directional<span style="letter-spacing:-.25pt"> </span><span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">Light</span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; color: rgb(35, 31, 32);">......................... </span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: rgb(35, 31, 32); letter-spacing: -0.25pt;">101</span></p><p class="MsoBodyText" style="margin-top:12.15pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:0cm;margin-left:5.1pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;tab-stops:362.25pt"><span lang="EN-US" style="color: rgb(35, 31, 32); letter-spacing: -0.25pt;"><br></span></p><p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-top:.25pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:0cm;margin-left:32.7pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-indent:-27.65pt;mso-list:l3 level2 lfo4;tab-stops:32.7pt 32.75pt right dotted 362.25pt"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:81%">5.1<span style="font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:90%">Piles<span style="letter-spacing:-.2pt"> </span>of<span style="letter-spacing:-.2pt"> </span>Transparent<span style="letter-spacing:-.15pt"> </span>Plates <span style="letter-spacing:-.2pt"></span>Separated<span style="letter-spacing:-.15pt"> </span>by<span style="letter-spacing:-.2pt"> </span><span style="letter-spacing:-.25pt">Air</span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;mso-hansi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";mso-bidi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";color:#231F20">................................................. </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.25pt">102</span></p><p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-top:.25pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:0cm;margin-left:32.7pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-indent:-27.65pt;mso-list:l3 level2 lfo4;tab-stops:32.7pt 32.75pt right dotted 362.25pt"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.25pt"><br></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoListParagraph"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:81%">5.1.1<span style="font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:90%">Angular<span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt"> </span>Reflectance</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.3pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:90%">and</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.35pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:90%">Transmittance</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.3pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:90%">of</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.35pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:90%">Two</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.3pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.1pt;mso-font-width:90%">Plates</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;mso-hansi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";mso-bidi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";color:#231F20">.................. </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.25pt">103</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoListParagraph"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:81%">5.1.2<span style="font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:85%">Generalization</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:1.45pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:85%">to</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:1.85pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:85%">Non-Symmetric</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:1.85pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.1pt;mso-font-width:85%">Plates</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;mso-hansi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";mso-bidi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";color:#231F20">............................................ </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.25pt">105</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-top:.25pt;line-height:12.1pt;mso-line-height-rule:exactly;mso-list:l3 level3 lfo4;tab-stops:63.5pt 63.55pt right dotted 362.25pt"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:81%">5.1.3<span style="font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:90%">Generalization</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.25pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:90%">to</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:.05pt"> </span><i><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Book Antiqua",serif;mso-hansi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";color:#231F20;mso-font-width:90%">N</span></i><i><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Book Antiqua",serif;mso-hansi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";color:#231F20;letter-spacing:.6pt"> </span></i><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:90%">Plates:</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:.05pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:90%">Iterative</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20"> <span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt;mso-font-width:90%">Model</span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;mso-hansi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";mso-bidi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";color:#231F20">...................................... </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.25pt">105</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-top:0cm;line-height:11.95pt;mso-line-height-rule:exactly;mso-list:l3 level3 lfo4;tab-stops:63.5pt 63.55pt right dotted 362.25pt"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:81%">5.1.4<span style="font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:90%">Generalization</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.35pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:90%">to</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.05pt"> </span><i><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Book Antiqua",serif;mso-hansi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";color:#231F20;mso-font-width:90%">N</span></i><i><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Book Antiqua",serif;mso-hansi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";color:#231F20;letter-spacing:.5pt"> </span></i><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:90%">Plates:</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.05pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:90%">Flux</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.1pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:90%">Transfer</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.1pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:90%">Matrix</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.05pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.1pt;mso-font-width:90%">Model</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;mso-hansi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";mso-bidi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";color:#231F20">............... </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.25pt">105</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-top:0cm;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:0cm;margin-left:32.7pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-indent:-27.65pt;line-height:11.6pt;mso-line-height-rule:exactly;mso-list:l3 level2 lfo4;tab-stops:32.7pt 32.75pt right dotted 362.25pt"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:81%">5.2<span style="font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:90%">Piles</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.25pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:90%">of</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.2pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:90%">Identical</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.15pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.1pt;mso-font-width:90%">Plates</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;mso-hansi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";mso-bidi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";color:#231F20">...................................................................................... </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.25pt">108</span></p><p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-top:0cm;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:0cm;margin-left:32.7pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-indent:-27.65pt;line-height:11.6pt;mso-line-height-rule:exactly;mso-list:l3 level2 lfo4;tab-stops:32.7pt 32.75pt right dotted 362.25pt"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.25pt"><br></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-top:.15pt;mso-list:l3 level3 lfo4;tab-stops:63.5pt 63.55pt right dotted 362.25pt"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:81%">5.2.1<span style="font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:90%">Angular<span style="letter-spacing:-.35pt"> </span>Reflectance<span style="letter-spacing:-.3pt"> </span>and<span style="letter-spacing:-.3pt"> </span><span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">Transmittance</span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;mso-hansi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";mso-bidi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";color:#231F20">............................................. </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.25pt;mso-font-width:95%">108</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-top:.25pt;mso-list:l3 level3 lfo4;tab-stops:63.5pt 63.55pt right dotted 362.25pt"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:81%">5.2.2<span style="font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:90%">Degree</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.3pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:90%">of<span style="letter-spacing:-.05pt"> </span><span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">Polarization</span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;mso-hansi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";mso-bidi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";color:#231F20">............................................................................ </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.25pt">112</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoListParagraph"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:81%">5.2.3<span style="font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:85%">Bi-Hemispherical</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:1.05pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:85%">Reflectance</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:1.2pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:85%">and</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:1.15pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.1pt;mso-font-width:85%">Transmittance</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;mso-hansi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";mso-bidi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";color:#231F20">.............................. </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.25pt;mso-font-width:95%">116</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-top:.25pt;mso-list:l3 level3 lfo4;tab-stops:63.5pt 63.55pt right dotted 362.25pt"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:81%">5.2.4<span style="font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:85%">Generalization</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:1.45pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:85%">to</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:1.85pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:85%">Non-Symmetric</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:1.85pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.1pt;mso-font-width:85%">Plates</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;mso-hansi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";mso-bidi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";color:#231F20">............................................ </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.25pt">117</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height:12.1pt;mso-line-height-rule:exactly;mso-list:l3 level3 lfo4;tab-stops:63.5pt 63.55pt right dotted 362.25pt"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:81%">5.2.5<span style="font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:90%">Invariance<span style="letter-spacing:-.5pt"> </span>of<span style="letter-spacing:-.35pt"> </span>Parameter<span style="letter-spacing:-.5pt"> </span></span><i><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Book Antiqua",serif;mso-hansi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.5pt;mso-font-width:90%">a</span></i><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;mso-hansi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";mso-bidi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";color:#231F20">...................................................................... </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.25pt">118</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-top:0cm;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:0cm;margin-left:32.7pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-indent:-27.65pt;line-height:11.6pt;mso-line-height-rule:exactly;mso-list:l3 level2 lfo4;tab-stops:32.7pt 32.75pt right dotted 362.25pt"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:81%">5.3<span style="font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:90%">Layers<span style="letter-spacing:-.25pt"> </span>of<span style="letter-spacing:-.15pt"> </span>Different<span style="letter-spacing:-.15pt"> </span>Refractive<span style="letter-spacing:-.25pt"> </span>Indices<span style="letter-spacing:-.2pt"> </span>in<span style="letter-spacing:-.15pt"> </span>Optical <span style="letter-spacing:-.15pt"></span><span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">Contact</span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;mso-hansi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";mso-bidi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";color:#231F20">............................ </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.25pt">118</span></p><p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-top:0cm;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:0cm;margin-left:32.7pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-indent:-27.65pt;line-height:11.6pt;mso-line-height-rule:exactly;mso-list:l3 level2 lfo4;tab-stops:32.7pt 32.75pt right dotted 362.25pt"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.25pt"><br></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-top:.25pt;mso-list:l3 level3 lfo4;tab-stops:63.5pt 63.55pt right dotted 362.25pt"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:81%">5.3.1<span style="font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:90%">Flux<span style="letter-spacing:-.25pt"> </span>Transfer <span style="letter-spacing:-.25pt"></span>Matrices<span style="letter-spacing:-.25pt"> </span>for<span style="letter-spacing:-.25pt"> </span>Layers<span style="letter-spacing:-.3pt"></span>and<span style="letter-spacing:-.3pt"> </span><span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">Interfaces</span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;mso-hansi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";mso-bidi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";color:#231F20">............................. </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.25pt;mso-font-width:95%">119</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoListParagraph"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:81%">5.3.2<span style="font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:90%">Examples<span style="letter-spacing:-.35pt"> </span>of<span style="letter-spacing:-.35pt"> </span><span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">Multilayers</span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;mso-hansi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";mso-bidi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";color:#231F20">......................................................................... </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.25pt;mso-font-width:95%">120</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoListParagraph"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:81%">5.3.3<span style="font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:90%">Optical<span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt"> </span>Characterization</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.3pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:90%">of<span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">Liquids</span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;mso-hansi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";mso-bidi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";color:#231F20">.................................................... </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.25pt">121</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoListParagraph"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:81%">5.3.4<span style="font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:95%">Total<span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.1pt">Reflections</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;mso-hansi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";mso-bidi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";color:#231F20">................................................................................... </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.25pt">122</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoListParagraph"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:81%">5.3.5<span style="font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:90%">Nonpolarity<span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt"> </span>of</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.2pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:90%">Directional</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.15pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.1pt;mso-font-width:90%">Transmittance</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;mso-hansi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";mso-bidi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";color:#231F20">......................................... </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.25pt">123</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-top:.25pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:0cm;margin-left:32.7pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-indent:-27.65pt;mso-list:l3 level2 lfo4;tab-stops:32.7pt 32.75pt right dotted 362.25pt"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:81%">5.4<span style="font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.1pt;mso-font-width:95%">Examples</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;mso-hansi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";mso-bidi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";color:#231F20">.............................................................................................................. </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.25pt;mso-font-width:95%">124</span></p><p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-top:.25pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:0cm;margin-left:32.7pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-indent:-27.65pt;mso-list:l3 level2 lfo4;tab-stops:32.7pt 32.75pt right dotted 362.25pt"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.25pt;mso-font-width:95%"><br></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoListParagraph"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:81%">5.4.1<span style="font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:90%">Piles</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.35pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:90%">of</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.3pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:90%">Colored</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.25pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:90%">Films</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.3pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:90%">Separated</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.3pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:90%">by</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.35pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.25pt;mso-font-width:90%">Air</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;mso-hansi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";mso-bidi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";color:#231F20">............................................. </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.25pt">124</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-top:.25pt;mso-list:l3 level3 lfo4;tab-stops:63.5pt 63.55pt right dotted 362.25pt"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:81%">5.4.2<span style="font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:90%">Piles<span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt"> </span>of<span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt"> </span>Colored<span style="letter-spacing:-.05pt"> </span>Films<span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt"> </span>Separated<span style="letter-spacing:-.05pt"> </span>by<span style="letter-spacing:-.15pt"> </span>Different<span style="letter-spacing:-.15pt"> </span><span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">Media</span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;mso-hansi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";mso-bidi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";color:#231F20">....................... </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.25pt;mso-font-width:95%">125</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-left:32.7pt;text-indent:-27.65pt;mso-list:l3 level2 lfo4;tab-stops:32.7pt 32.75pt right dotted 362.25pt"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:81%">5.5<span style="font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:90%">Piles</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.3pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:90%">of</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.25pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:90%">Films</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.25pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:90%">on</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.3pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:90%">Top</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.1pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:90%">of</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.35pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:90%">a</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.25pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:90%">Specular</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.25pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.1pt;mso-font-width:90%">Background</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;mso-hansi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";mso-bidi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";color:#231F20">.......................................... </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.25pt;mso-font-width:95%">130</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoBodyText" style="margin-top:12.15pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:0cm;margin-left:5.1pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;tab-stops:362.25pt"><u><span lang="EN-US" style="color:#231F20">CHAPTER<span style="letter-spacing:.95pt"> </span><span style="letter-spacing:-.5pt">6</span> </span></u><span lang="EN-US" style="color: rgb(35, 31, 32);">Diffusing<span style="letter-spacing:-.4pt"> </span>Layers<span style="letter-spacing:-.4pt"> </span>and<span style="letter-spacing:-.5pt"> </span>Multilayers:<span style="letter-spacing:-.4pt"> </span>Two-Flux<span style="letter-spacing:-.35pt"> </span>Models<span style="letter-spacing:-.4pt"> </span>for<span style="letter-spacing:-.4pt"> </span>Diffuse<span style="letter-spacing:-.4pt"> </span><span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">Light</span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; color: rgb(35, 31, 32);">................. </span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: rgb(35, 31, 32); letter-spacing: -0.25pt;">133</span></p><p class="MsoBodyText" style="margin-top:12.15pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:0cm;margin-left:5.1pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;tab-stops:362.25pt"><span lang="EN-US" style="color: rgb(35, 31, 32); letter-spacing: -0.25pt;"><br></span></p><p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-top:.25pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:0cm;margin-left:32.7pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-indent:-27.65pt;mso-list:l1 level2 lfo3;tab-stops:32.7pt 32.75pt right dotted 362.25pt"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:81%">6.1<span style="font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:90%">The</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.3pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:90%">Kubelka</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;mso-bidi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";color:#231F20;mso-font-width:90%">–</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:90%">Munk</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.25pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.2pt;mso-font-width:90%">Model</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;mso-bidi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";color:#231F20">................................................................................. </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.25pt">134</span></p><p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-top:.25pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:0cm;margin-left:32.7pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-indent:-27.65pt;mso-list:l1 level2 lfo3;tab-stops:32.7pt 32.75pt right dotted 362.25pt"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.25pt"><br></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoListParagraph"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:81%">6.1.1<span style="font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:90%">The<span style="letter-spacing:-.3pt"> </span>Kubelka</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;mso-bidi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";color:#231F20;mso-font-width:90%">–</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:90%">Munk<span style="letter-spacing:-.25pt"> </span>Differential<span style="letter-spacing:-.3pt"> </span><span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">Equations</span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;mso-bidi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";color:#231F20">........................................ </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.25pt;mso-font-width:95%">134</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-top:.25pt;mso-list:l1 level3 lfo3;tab-stops:63.5pt 63.55pt right dotted 362.25pt"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:81%">6.1.2<span style="font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:85%">Reflectance</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:1.3pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:85%">and</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:1.25pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:85%">Transmittance</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:1.25pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.1pt;mso-font-width:85%">Formulae</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;mso-hansi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";mso-bidi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";color:#231F20">........................................... </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.25pt;mso-font-width:95%">135</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-top:.15pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:0cm;margin-left:32.7pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-indent:-27.65pt;mso-list:l1 level2 lfo3;tab-stops:32.7pt 32.75pt right dotted 362.25pt"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:81%">6.2<span style="font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:90%">Layers</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.35pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:90%">in</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.2pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:90%">Optical</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.15pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:90%">Contact<span style="letter-spacing:-.05pt"> </span>with</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.2pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:90%">a</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.15pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.1pt;mso-font-width:90%">Background</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;mso-hansi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";mso-bidi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";color:#231F20">............................................... </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.25pt;mso-font-width:95%">137</span></p><p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-top:.15pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:0cm;margin-left:32.7pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-indent:-27.65pt;mso-list:l1 level2 lfo3;tab-stops:32.7pt 32.75pt right dotted 362.25pt"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.25pt;mso-font-width:95%"><br></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-left:32.7pt;text-indent:-27.65pt;mso-list:l1 level2 lfo3;tab-stops:32.7pt 32.75pt right dotted 362.25pt"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:81%">6.3<span style="font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:90%">Light<span style="letter-spacing:-.4pt"> </span>Transfers<span style="letter-spacing:-.35pt"></span>at<span style="letter-spacing:-.35pt"> </span>the<span style="letter-spacing:-.4pt"> </span>Interfaces<span style="letter-spacing:-.3pt"> </span>Bordering<span style="letter-spacing:-.4pt"> </span>the<span style="letter-spacing:-.35pt"> </span><span style="letter-spacing:-.2pt">Layer</span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;mso-hansi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";mso-bidi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";color:#231F20">.................................. </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.25pt">138</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt"><o:p></o:p></span></p></div><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:0cm;line-height:normal;mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:none"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Bookman Old Style",serif;mso-fareast-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";mso-bidi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";mso-ansi-language:EN-US;mso-fareast-language:EN-US;mso-bidi-language:AR-SA"><br clear="all" style="page-break-before:always;mso-break-type:section-break"></span></p><div class="WordSection4"><p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-top:4.15pt;mso-list:l1 level3 lfo3;tab-stops:63.5pt 63.55pt dotted 347.3pt"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:81%">6.3.1<span style="font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:85%">Saunderson</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:.45pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:85%">Correction</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:.3pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:85%">and</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:.3pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:85%">Inverse</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:.45pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.1pt;mso-font-width:85%">Formulae</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;mso-hansi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";mso-bidi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";color:#231F20">...................................... </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.25pt;mso-font-width:95%">138</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-top:.15pt;mso-list:l1 level3 lfo3;tab-stops:63.5pt 63.55pt"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:81%">6.3.2<span style="font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:85%">Saunderson</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:.45pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:85%">Correction</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:.3pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:85%">and</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:.3pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:85%">Inverse</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:.45pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:85%">Formulae</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:.35pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:85%">for</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:.45pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:85%">a</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:.3pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.1pt;mso-font-width:85%">Diffusing</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 10pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: rgb(35, 31, 32); letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">Plate</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; color: rgb(35, 31, 32);">............................................................ </span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: rgb(35, 31, 32); letter-spacing: -0.25pt;">141</span></p><p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-left:32.7pt;text-indent:-27.65pt;line-height:12.1pt;mso-line-height-rule:exactly;mso-list:l1 level2 lfo3;tab-stops:32.7pt 32.75pt dotted 347.3pt"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:81%">6.4<span style="font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:90%">Deducing</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.1pt"> </span><i><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Book Antiqua",serif;mso-hansi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";color:#231F20;mso-font-width:90%">K</span></i><i><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Book Antiqua",serif;mso-hansi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";color:#231F20;letter-spacing:.7pt"> </span></i><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:90%">and</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.05pt"> </span><i><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Book Antiqua",serif;mso-hansi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";color:#231F20;mso-font-width:90%">S</span></i><i><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Book Antiqua",serif;mso-hansi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";color:#231F20;letter-spacing:.6pt"> </span></i><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:90%">from</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.1pt"> Measurements</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;mso-hansi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";mso-bidi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";color:#231F20">........................................................... </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.25pt">143</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-top:0cm;line-height:11.6pt;mso-line-height-rule:exactly;mso-list:l1 level3 lfo3;tab-stops:63.5pt 63.55pt dotted 347.3pt"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:81%">6.4.1<span style="font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:90%">Drawdown<span style="letter-spacing:-.05pt"> </span>Card<span style="letter-spacing:-.05pt"> </span><span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">Method</span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;mso-hansi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";mso-bidi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";color:#231F20">......................................................................... </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.25pt">143</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-top:.25pt;mso-list:l1 level3 lfo3;tab-stops:63.5pt 63.55pt dotted 347.3pt"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:81%">6.4.2<span style="font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:85%">Reflectance</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:1.3pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:85%">and</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:1.25pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:85%">Transmittance</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:1.25pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.1pt;mso-font-width:85%">Method</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;mso-hansi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";mso-bidi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";color:#231F20">................................................. </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.25pt;mso-font-width:95%">145</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoListParagraph"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:81%">6.4.3<span style="font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:90%">Choosing<span style="letter-spacing:-.05pt"> </span>the<span style="letter-spacing:-.05pt"> </span>Appropriate<span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt"> Method</span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;mso-hansi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";mso-bidi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";color:#231F20">....................................................... </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.25pt">145</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-top:.25pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:0cm;margin-left:32.7pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-indent:-27.65pt;mso-list:l1 level2 lfo3;tab-stops:32.7pt 32.75pt dotted 347.3pt"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:81%">6.5<span style="font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.1pt;mso-font-width:95%">Example</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;mso-hansi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";mso-bidi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";color:#231F20">.................................................................................................................. </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.25pt;mso-font-width:95%">146</span></p><p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-top:.25pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:0cm;margin-left:32.7pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-indent:-27.65pt;mso-list:l1 level2 lfo3;tab-stops:32.7pt 32.75pt dotted 347.3pt"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.25pt;mso-font-width:95%"><br></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-left:32.7pt;text-indent:-27.65pt;mso-list:l1 level2 lfo3;tab-stops:32.7pt 32.75pt dotted 347.3pt"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:81%">6.6<span style="font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:90%">Mixture</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.15pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:90%">of</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.15pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:90%">Scattering</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.15pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.1pt;mso-font-width:90%">Materials</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;mso-hansi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";mso-bidi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";color:#231F20">......................................................................... </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.25pt;mso-font-width:95%">148</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-top:.15pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:0cm;margin-left:32.7pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-indent:-27.65pt;mso-list:l1 level2 lfo3;tab-stops:32.7pt 32.75pt dotted 347.3pt"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:81%">6.7<span style="font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:90%">Validity<span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt"> </span>of</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.3pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:90%">the</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.3pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:90%">Kubelka</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;mso-bidi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";color:#231F20;mso-font-width:90%">–</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:90%">Munk</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.2pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.1pt;mso-font-width:90%">Model</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;mso-bidi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";color:#231F20">............................................................... </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.25pt">149</span></p><p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-top:.15pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:0cm;margin-left:32.7pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-indent:-27.65pt;mso-list:l1 level2 lfo3;tab-stops:32.7pt 32.75pt dotted 347.3pt"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.25pt"><br></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-top:.25pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:0cm;margin-left:32.7pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-indent:-27.65pt;mso-list:l1 level2 lfo3;tab-stops:32.7pt 32.75pt dotted 347.3pt"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:81%">6.8<span style="font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:85%">Diffusing</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:.4pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.1pt;mso-font-width:95%">Multilayers</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;mso-hansi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";mso-bidi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";color:#231F20">............................................................................................ </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.25pt;mso-font-width:95%">150</span></p><p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-top:.25pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:0cm;margin-left:32.7pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-indent:-27.65pt;mso-list:l1 level2 lfo3;tab-stops:32.7pt 32.75pt dotted 347.3pt"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.25pt;mso-font-width:95%"><br></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoListParagraph"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:81%">6.8.1<span style="font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:85%">Kubelka</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;mso-bidi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";color:#231F20;mso-font-width:85%">’</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:85%">s</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:.7pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:85%">Compositional</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:.7pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:85%">Formulae</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:.75pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:85%">and</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:.75pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:85%">Flux</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:.7pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:85%">Transfer</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:.75pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.1pt;mso-font-width:85%">Matrix</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 10pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: rgb(35, 31, 32); letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">Model</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; color: rgb(35, 31, 32);">.............................................. </span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: rgb(35, 31, 32); letter-spacing: -0.25pt;">151</span></p><p class="MsoListParagraph"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:81%">6.8.2<span style="font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:90%">Example:<span style="letter-spacing:-.35pt"> </span>Piles<span style="letter-spacing:-.3pt"> </span>of<span style="letter-spacing:-.35pt"> </span>Identical<span style="letter-spacing:-.3pt"> </span>Diffusing<span style="letter-spacing:-.3pt"> </span><span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">Sheets</span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;mso-hansi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";mso-bidi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";color:#231F20">....................................... </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.25pt;mso-font-width:95%">152</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-top:.25pt;mso-list:l1 level3 lfo3;tab-stops:63.5pt 63.55pt dotted 347.3pt"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:81%">6.8.3<span style="font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:85%">Kubelka</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;mso-bidi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";color:#231F20;mso-font-width:85%">’</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:85%">s</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:1.15pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:85%">Formulae</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:1.1pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:85%">and</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:1.05pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:85%">Kubelka</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;mso-bidi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";color:#231F20;mso-font-width:85%">–</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:85%">Munk</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:1.15pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.1pt;mso-font-width:85%">Model</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;mso-bidi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";color:#231F20">.................................. </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.25pt;mso-font-width:95%">153</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-right:6.05pt;text-indent:-30.35pt;line-height:101%;mso-list:l1 level3 lfo3;tab-stops:63.5pt 63.55pt dotted 347.3pt"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;line-height:101%;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:81%">6.8.4<span style="font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;line-height:101%;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:90%">Extended Saunderson Correction for Multilayers: The Matrix </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;line-height:101%;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.1pt">Method</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;line-height:101%;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;mso-hansi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";mso-bidi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";color:#231F20"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;line-height:101%;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.45pt;mso-font-width:85%">154</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;line-height:101%"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoBodyText" style="margin-top:11.85pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:0cm;margin-left:5.1pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;tab-stops:362.25pt"><u><span lang="EN-US" style="color:#231F20">CHAPTER<span style="letter-spacing:.95pt"> </span><span style="letter-spacing:-.5pt">7</span> </span></u><span lang="EN-US" style="color: rgb(35, 31, 32); letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">Nonscattering</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: rgb(35, 31, 32); letter-spacing: -0.35pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: rgb(35, 31, 32); letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">Layers</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: rgb(35, 31, 32); letter-spacing: -0.3pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: rgb(35, 31, 32); letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">on</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: rgb(35, 31, 32); letter-spacing: -0.25pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: rgb(35, 31, 32); letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">a</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: rgb(35, 31, 32); letter-spacing: -0.25pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: rgb(35, 31, 32); letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">Diffusing</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: rgb(35, 31, 32); letter-spacing: -0.3pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: rgb(35, 31, 32); letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">Background</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; color: rgb(35, 31, 32);">..................................................... </span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: rgb(35, 31, 32); letter-spacing: -0.25pt;">157</span></p><p class="MsoBodyText" style="margin-top:11.85pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:0cm;margin-left:5.1pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;tab-stops:362.25pt"><span lang="EN-US" style="color: rgb(35, 31, 32); letter-spacing: -0.25pt;"><br></span></p><p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-top:.25pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:0cm;margin-left:32.7pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-indent:-27.65pt;mso-list:l4 level2 lfo2;tab-stops:32.7pt 32.75pt dotted 347.3pt"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:81%">7.1<span style="font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:90%">Uniform</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.3pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:90%">Layer</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.25pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:90%">on</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.3pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:90%">Top</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.1pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:90%">of</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.25pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:90%">a<span style="letter-spacing:-.05pt"> </span>Diffusing</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.2pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.1pt;mso-font-width:90%">Background</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;mso-hansi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";mso-bidi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";color:#231F20">......................................... </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.25pt;mso-font-width:95%">158</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoListParagraph"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:81%">7.1.1<span style="font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:90%">Williams</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;mso-bidi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";color:#231F20;mso-font-width:90%">–</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:90%">Clapper</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.05pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.2pt">Model</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;mso-bidi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";color:#231F20">....................................................................... </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.25pt">158</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-top:.15pt;mso-list:l4 level3 lfo2;tab-stops:63.5pt 63.55pt dotted 347.3pt"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:81%">7.1.2<span style="font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:90%">Berns</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;mso-bidi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";color:#231F20;mso-font-width:90%">’<span style="letter-spacing:-.25pt"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.1pt">Model</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;mso-bidi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";color:#231F20">............................................................................................ </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.25pt">161</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-top:.25pt;mso-list:l4 level3 lfo2;tab-stops:63.5pt 63.55pt"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:81%">7.1.3<span style="font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:85%">Insurface</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:.15pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:85%">and</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:.2pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:85%">Subsurface</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:.25pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:85%">Reflections</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:.2pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.1pt;mso-font-width:85%">According</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 10pt; letter-spacing: -0.1pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: rgb(35, 31, 32);">to</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: rgb(35, 31, 32); letter-spacing: 0.15pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: rgb(35, 31, 32);">the</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: rgb(35, 31, 32); letter-spacing: 0.15pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: rgb(35, 31, 32);">Lighting</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: rgb(35, 31, 32); letter-spacing: 0.1pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: rgb(35, 31, 32); letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">Geometry</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; color: rgb(35, 31, 32);">................................... </span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: rgb(35, 31, 32); letter-spacing: -0.25pt;">162</span></p><p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-top:.25pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:0cm;margin-left:32.7pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-indent:-27.65pt;mso-list:l4 level2 lfo2;tab-stops:32.7pt 32.75pt dotted 347.3pt"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:81%">7.2<span style="font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:90%">Transparent<span style="letter-spacing:-.4pt"> </span>Multilayers<span style="letter-spacing:-.3pt"> </span>on<span style="letter-spacing:-.4pt"> </span>Top<span style="letter-spacing:-.2pt"> </span>of<span style="letter-spacing:-.4pt"> </span>a<span style="letter-spacing:-.35pt"> </span>Diffusing<span style="letter-spacing:-.35pt"> </span><span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">Background</span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;mso-hansi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";mso-bidi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";color:#231F20">........................ </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.25pt">165</span></p><p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-top:.25pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:0cm;margin-left:32.7pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-indent:-27.65pt;mso-list:l4 level2 lfo2;tab-stops:32.7pt 32.75pt dotted 347.3pt"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.25pt"><br></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-left:32.7pt;text-indent:-27.65pt;mso-list:l4 level2 lfo2;tab-stops:32.7pt 32.75pt dotted 347.3pt"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:81%">7.3<span style="font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:90%">Generalized</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.1pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:90%">Two-Flux</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.1pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.2pt;mso-font-width:90%">Model</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;mso-hansi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";mso-bidi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";color:#231F20">.............................................................................. </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.25pt">168</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-top:.25pt;mso-list:l4 level3 lfo2;tab-stops:63.5pt 63.55pt dotted 347.3pt"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:81%">7.3.1<span style="font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:90%">Configurations</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.05pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:90%">Where</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:.1pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:90%">a</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.1pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:90%">Two-Flux</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:.05pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:90%">Model</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20"> <span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt;mso-font-width:90%">Applies</span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;mso-hansi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";mso-bidi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";color:#231F20">............................ </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.25pt">168</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoListParagraph"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:81%">7.3.2<span style="font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:85%">Multiple</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:1.05pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:85%">Reflection</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:.9pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:85%">Processes</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:1.05pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:85%">and</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:.9pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.1pt;mso-font-width:85%">Homogeneous</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 10pt; letter-spacing: -0.1pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: rgb(35, 31, 32);">Discrete-Time<span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt"> </span>Markov <span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">Chains</span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; color: rgb(35, 31, 32);">.................... </span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: rgb(35, 31, 32); letter-spacing: -0.25pt;">170</span></p><p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-top:.15pt;mso-list:l4 level3 lfo2;tab-stops:63.5pt 63.55pt dotted 347.3pt"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:81%">7.3.3<span style="font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:90%">Transition</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20"> Probability <span style="letter-spacing:.05pt"></span><span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt;mso-font-width:90%">Matrices</span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;mso-hansi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";mso-bidi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";color:#231F20">............................................................ </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.25pt;mso-font-width:95%">172</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-top:.25pt;mso-list:l4 level3 lfo2;tab-stops:63.5pt 63.55pt dotted 347.3pt"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:81%">7.3.4<span style="font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:90%">Average</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:.1pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:90%">Number</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:.05pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:90%">of</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.05pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.1pt;mso-font-width:90%">Transfers</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;mso-hansi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";mso-bidi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";color:#231F20">................................................................ </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.25pt;mso-font-width:95%">173</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-left:32.7pt;text-indent:-27.65pt;mso-list:l4 level2 lfo2;tab-stops:32.7pt 32.75pt dotted 347.3pt"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:81%">7.4<span style="font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:90%">Spectral<span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt"> </span>Reflectance<span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt"> </span>of<span style="letter-spacing:-.2pt"> </span>Printed<span style="letter-spacing:-.15pt"> </span><span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">Surfaces</span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;mso-hansi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";mso-bidi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";color:#231F20">......................................................... </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.25pt;mso-font-width:95%">174</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-top:.25pt;mso-list:l4 level3 lfo2;tab-stops:63.5pt 63.55pt dotted 347.3pt"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:81%">7.4.1<span style="font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:90%">Halftone<span style="letter-spacing:-.05pt"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.1pt;mso-font-width:95%">Colors</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;mso-hansi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";mso-bidi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";color:#231F20">......................................................................................... </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.25pt;mso-font-width:95%">174</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoListParagraph"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:81%">7.4.2<span style="font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:85%">Spectral</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:.9pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:85%">Neugebauer</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:1.0pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.2pt;mso-font-width:85%">Model</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;mso-hansi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";mso-bidi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";color:#231F20">..................................................................... </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.25pt;mso-font-width:95%">176</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoListParagraph"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:81%">7.4.3<span style="font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:85%">Yule</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;mso-bidi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";color:#231F20;mso-font-width:85%">–</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:85%">Nielsen</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:1.55pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:85%">Modified</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:1.65pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:85%">Spectral</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:1.65pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:85%">Neugebauer</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:1.75pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.1pt;mso-font-width:85%">Model</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;mso-bidi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";color:#231F20">............................ </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.25pt">177</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-top:.25pt;mso-list:l4 level3 lfo2;tab-stops:63.5pt 63.55pt dotted 347.3pt"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:81%">7.4.4<span style="font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:90%">Clapper</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;mso-bidi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";color:#231F20;mso-font-width:90%">–</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:90%">Yule<span style="letter-spacing:-.15pt"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.2pt">Model</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;mso-bidi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";color:#231F20">............................................................................... </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.25pt">179</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-left:32.7pt;text-indent:-27.65pt;mso-list:l4 level2 lfo2;tab-stops:32.7pt 32.75pt dotted 347.3pt"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:81%">7.5<span style="font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:90%">Calibration</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.05pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:90%">of</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.1pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:90%">the</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.1pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:90%">Halftone</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.1pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:90%">Color</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.05pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:90%">Prediction</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.1pt"> Models</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;mso-hansi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";mso-bidi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";color:#231F20">.................................... </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.25pt">180</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoListParagraph"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:81%">7.5.1<span style="font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:90%">Obtaining<span style="letter-spacing:-.35pt"> </span>Spectral <span style="letter-spacing:-.25pt"></span><span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">Parameters</span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;mso-hansi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";mso-bidi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";color:#231F20">............................................................. </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.25pt;mso-font-width:95%">181</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoListParagraph"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:81%">7.5.2<span style="font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:85%">Ink</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:.25pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:85%">Spreading</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:.2pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:85%">Assessment</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:.25pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.1pt;mso-font-width:85%">Methods</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;mso-hansi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";mso-bidi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";color:#231F20">........................................................ </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.25pt;mso-font-width:95%">182</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-top:.25pt;mso-list:l4 level3 lfo2;tab-stops:63.5pt 63.55pt dotted 347.3pt"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:81%">7.5.3<span style="font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:90%">Basic</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.15pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:90%">Ink</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.05pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:90%">Spreading</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.1pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:90%">(BIS)</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.05pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.1pt;mso-font-width:90%">Method</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;mso-hansi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";mso-bidi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";color:#231F20">....................................................... </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.25pt">182</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoListParagraph"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:81%">7.5.4<span style="font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:85%">Superimposition-Dependent</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:1.75pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:85%">Ink</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:1.8pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:85%">Spreading</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:1.75pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:85%">(SDIS)</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:1.75pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.1pt;mso-font-width:85%">Method</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;mso-hansi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";mso-bidi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";color:#231F20">............... </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.25pt;mso-font-width:95%">184</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-top:.25pt;mso-list:l4 level3 lfo2;tab-stops:63.5pt 63.55pt dotted 347.3pt"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:81%">7.5.5<span style="font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:90%">Predicting<span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt"> </span>the<span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt"> </span>Spectral<span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt"> </span>Reflectance<span style="letter-spacing:-.05pt"> </span>of<span style="letter-spacing:-.15pt"> </span><span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">Halftones</span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;mso-hansi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";mso-bidi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";color:#231F20">............................... </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.25pt">184</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoListParagraph"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:81%">7.5.6<span style="font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.1pt;mso-font-width:90%">Four-Ink</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.2pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.1pt;mso-font-width:90%">Halftone</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.15pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.1pt;mso-font-width:90%">Colors</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;mso-hansi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";mso-bidi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";color:#231F20">........................................................................ </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.25pt;mso-font-width:95%">186</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt"><o:p></o:p></span></p></div><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:0cm;line-height:normal;mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:none"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Bookman Old Style",serif;mso-fareast-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";mso-bidi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";mso-ansi-language:EN-US;mso-fareast-language:EN-US;mso-bidi-language:AR-SA"><br clear="all" style="page-break-before:always;mso-break-type:section-break"></span></p><div class="WordSection5"><p class="MsoBodyText" style="margin-top:3.95pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:0cm;margin-left:5.1pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;tab-stops:362.25pt"><u><span lang="EN-US" style="color:#231F20">CHAPTER<span style="letter-spacing:.95pt"> </span><span style="letter-spacing:-.5pt">8</span> </span></u><span lang="EN-US" style="color: rgb(35, 31, 32);">Angle-Dependent<span style="letter-spacing:-.05pt"> </span>Light</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: rgb(35, 31, 32); letter-spacing: -0.25pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: rgb(35, 31, 32); letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">Scattering</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; color: rgb(35, 31, 32);">................................................................................ </span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: rgb(35, 31, 32); letter-spacing: -0.25pt;">187</span></p><p class="MsoBodyText" style="margin-top:3.95pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:0cm;margin-left:5.1pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;tab-stops:362.25pt"><span lang="EN-US" style="color: rgb(35, 31, 32); letter-spacing: -0.25pt;"><br></span></p><p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-left:32.7pt;text-indent:-27.65pt;mso-list:l5 level2 lfo1;tab-stops:32.7pt 32.75pt dotted 347.3pt"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:81%">8.1<span style="font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:85%">Surface</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.05pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.1pt;mso-font-width:95%">Scattering</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;mso-hansi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";mso-bidi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";color:#231F20">................................................................................................. </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.25pt;mso-font-width:95%">187</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-top:.25pt;mso-list:l5 level3 lfo1;tab-stops:63.5pt 63.55pt dotted 347.3pt"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:81%">8.1.1<span style="font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:85%">Surface</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.3pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:85%">Roughness</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.2pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.1pt;mso-font-width:85%">Measurement</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;mso-hansi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";mso-bidi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";color:#231F20">............................................................. </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.25pt;mso-font-width:95%">188</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-top:.15pt;mso-list:l5 level3 lfo1;tab-stops:63.5pt 63.55pt dotted 347.3pt"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:81%">8.1.2<span style="font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:90%">Modelling</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.25pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:90%">a</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.15pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:90%">Randomly</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.15pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:90%">Rough</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.15pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.1pt;mso-font-width:90%">Surface</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;mso-hansi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";mso-bidi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";color:#231F20">................................................ </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.25pt;mso-font-width:95%">188</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoListParagraph"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:81%">8.1.3<span style="font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:95%">BRDF<span style="letter-spacing:-.65pt"> </span>and<span style="letter-spacing:-.25pt"> </span>BTDF<span style="letter-spacing:-.25pt"> </span>Optical <span style="letter-spacing:-.05pt"></span><span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">Models</span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;mso-hansi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";mso-bidi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";color:#231F20">........................................................ </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.25pt">189</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-top:.25pt;mso-list:l5 level3 lfo1;tab-stops:63.5pt 63.55pt dotted 347.3pt"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:81%">8.1.4<span style="font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:85%">Microfacet</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:1.3pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:85%">Model</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:1.35pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:85%">and</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:1.4pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:85%">Smith</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;mso-bidi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";color:#231F20;mso-font-width:85%">’</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:85%">s</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:1.4pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:85%">Shadowing-Masking</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:1.4pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.1pt;mso-font-width:85%">Function</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;mso-bidi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";color:#231F20">........... </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.25pt">190</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoListParagraph"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:81%">8.1.5<span style="font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:85%">Spherical</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:.15pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.1pt;mso-font-width:95%">Surfaces</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;mso-hansi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";mso-bidi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";color:#231F20">................................................................................... </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.25pt;mso-font-width:95%">193</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-top:.25pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:0cm;margin-left:32.7pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-indent:-27.65pt;mso-list:l5 level2 lfo1;tab-stops:32.7pt 32.75pt dotted 347.3pt"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:81%">8.2<span style="font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.1pt;mso-font-width:90%">Volume</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.35pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.1pt;mso-font-width:90%">Scattering</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;mso-hansi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";mso-bidi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";color:#231F20">................................................................................................. </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.25pt;mso-font-width:95%">195</span></p><p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-top:.25pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:0cm;margin-left:32.7pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-indent:-27.65pt;mso-list:l5 level2 lfo1;tab-stops:32.7pt 32.75pt dotted 347.3pt"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.25pt;mso-font-width:95%"><br></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoListParagraph"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:81%">8.2.1<span style="font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:85%">Scattering</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:1.35pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:85%">Description</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:1.2pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.1pt;mso-font-width:85%">Parameters</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;mso-hansi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";mso-bidi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";color:#231F20">.......................................................... </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.25pt;mso-font-width:95%">195</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-top:.25pt;mso-list:l5 level3 lfo1;tab-stops:63.5pt 63.55pt dotted 347.3pt"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:81%">8.2.2<span style="font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:95%">Types<span style="letter-spacing:-.45pt"> </span>of<span style="letter-spacing:-.35pt"> </span><span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">Scattering</span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;mso-hansi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";mso-bidi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";color:#231F20">.................................................................................. </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.25pt">198</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoListParagraph"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:81%">8.2.3<span style="font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:90%">The</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:.1pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:90%">Radiative</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:.05pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:90%">Transfer</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:.05pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.1pt;mso-font-width:90%">Equation</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;mso-hansi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";mso-bidi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";color:#231F20">......................................................... </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.25pt">199</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoListParagraph"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:81%">8.2.4<span style="font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:90%">Scattering<span style="letter-spacing:-.35pt"> </span>in<span style="letter-spacing:-.35pt"> </span>Lambertian<span style="letter-spacing:-.4pt"> </span><span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">Layers</span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;mso-hansi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";mso-bidi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";color:#231F20">........................................................... </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.25pt;mso-font-width:95%">200</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoBodyText" style="margin-top:12.15pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:0cm;margin-left:5.1pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;tab-stops:dotted 347.3pt"><span lang="EN-US" style="color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.1pt;mso-font-width:90%">Exercises</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;mso-hansi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";mso-bidi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";color:#231F20">............................................................................................................................ </span><span lang="EN-US" style="color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.25pt;mso-font-width:90%">201</span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoBodyText" style="margin-top:12.2pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:0cm;margin-left:5.1pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;tab-stops:dotted 347.3pt"><span lang="EN-US" style="color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.1pt;mso-font-width:95%">Corrections</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;mso-hansi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";mso-bidi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";color:#231F20">........................................................................................................................ </span><span lang="EN-US" style="color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.25pt;mso-font-width:95%">211</span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoBodyText" style="margin-top:12.2pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:0cm;margin-left:5.1pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;tab-stops:dotted 347.3pt"><span lang="EN-US" style="color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.1pt;mso-font-width:95%">Acknowledgements</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;mso-hansi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";mso-bidi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";color:#231F20">.......................................................................................................... </span><span lang="EN-US" style="color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.25pt;mso-font-width:95%">229</span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoBodyText" style="margin-top:12.1pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:0cm;margin-left:5.1pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;tab-stops:dotted 347.3pt"><span lang="EN-US" style="color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.1pt;mso-font-width:95%">References</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;mso-hansi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";mso-bidi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";color:#231F20">.......................................................................................................................... </span><span lang="EN-US" style="color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.25pt;mso-font-width:95%">231</span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoBodyText" style="margin-top:12.2pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:0cm;margin-left:5.1pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;tab-stops:dotted 347.3pt"><span lang="EN-US" style="color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.1pt;mso-font-width:95%">Index</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;mso-hansi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";mso-bidi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";color:#231F20">................................................................................................................................... </span><span lang="EN-US" style="color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.25pt;mso-font-width:95%">243</span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p></div><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:0cm;line-height:normal;mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:none"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Bookman Old Style",serif;mso-fareast-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";mso-bidi-font-family:"Bookman Old Style";mso-ansi-language:EN-US;mso-fareast-language:EN-US;mso-bidi-language:AR-SA"><br clear="all" style="page-break-before:always;mso-break-type:section-break"></span></p><p class="MsoBodyText"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:8.5pt;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt"> </span></p><p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:0cm;line-height:normal;mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:none"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:MilibusLt-Regular;mso-bidi-font-family:MilibusLt-Regular;mso-ansi-language:EN-US"> </span></p>
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