Foreword................................................... VII
CHAPTER 1
Introduction to Biofouling and Bionics............................. 1
1.1 Biofouling.............................................. 1
1.2 Bionics................................................ 3
1.2.1Definition......................................... 3
1.2.2 Antifouling Strategies Developed byNature ............... 3
1.2.3 Materials Science and ManufacturingTechniques ........... 4
References.................................................. 6
CHAPTER 2
Marine Biofouling and Surface Properties........................... 9
2.1 Marine Biofouling........................................ 9
2.2 Marine BiofoulingProcess.................................. 10
2.3 Fouling Organisms and Their AdhesionBehavior ................ 11
2.3.1 Species of Fouling Organisms.......................... 11
2.3.2 Adhesion Behavior of Fouling Organisms................. 12
2.4 Biofouling-Related Costs................................... 14
2.5 History of AntifoulingCoatings.............................. 14
2.6 Basics of Wettability/Surface Energy......................... 15
2.6.1 Surface Wettability................................. 16
2.6.2 Solid Surface Energy................................ 18
References ..................................................20
CHAPTER 3
Bioinspired Textured Surfaces for MarineAntifouling .................. 23
3.1 Introduction of Textured Surfaces............................ 23
3.1.1 Lotus Leaf ........................................23
3.1.2 Rice Leaf......................................... 24
3.1.3 Butterfly Wings.................................... 24
3.1.4 Mosquito Eyes..................................... 24
3.2 Design Principles of Textured Surfaces........................ 26
3.2.1 Early Attempts.................................... 26
3.2.2 Engineered Roughness Index.......................... 27
3.2.3 Surface Energetic Attachment......................... 28
3.2.4 Contact Mechanics Theory............................ 29
3.3 Challenges andSolutions................................... 31
References.................................................. 33
CHAPTER 4
Natural Antifoulants for Antifouling Surfaces........................ 37
4.1 Introduction ............................................37
4.2 Antifoulants from MarineOrganisms.......................... 37
4.3 Antifoulants from Terrestrial Plants.......................... 40
4.4 Synthetic Analogues...................................... 41
4.4.1 Dihydrostilbenes................................... 42
4.4.2 Capsaicin Analogs.................................. 43
4.4.3 Indole Derivatives.................................. 44
References ..................................................44
CHAPTER 5
Other Nature-Inspired Marine AntifoulingSurfaces.................... 47
5.1 Introduction............................................ 47
5.2 Natural Hydrogel-Inspired AntifoulingSurfaces .................. 47
5.2.1 Introduction....................................... 47
5.2.2 Current Hydrogels for Marine Antifouling................ 48
5.3 Slippery Liquid-Infused Porous Surfaces(SLIPS) ................ 52
5.3.1 Natural SLIPS .....................................52
5.3.2 SLIPS for Antifouling............................... 52
5.4 Bioinspired Dynamic Surfaces............................... 55
5.4.1 Renewable Surfaces................................. 55
5.4.2 Unstable Surfaces...................................58
References.................................................. 60
CHAPTER 6
Bioinspired MedicalSurfaces..................................... 65
6.1 Bacterial Infection and TraditionalAntibacterial Strategies......... 65
6.1.1 Antibiotics and Physiological Activity................... 65
6.1.2 Biofilm Infections................................... 66
6.2 Traditional Medical Antibacterial andAntifouling Methods ........ 67
6.2.1 Causes of Drug Resistance............................ 68
6.2.2 Manage and Prevent Drug Resistance................... 71
6.3 Bioinspired Medical Antibacterial andAntifouling Methods ........ 72
References.................................................. 75
CHAPTER 7
Bioinspired SLIPS for Medical Antifouling.......................... 79
7.1 Introduction............................................ 79
7.2 Bioinspired Prototype of Lubricant-InfusedSlippery Surfaces ....... 79
7.3 Fundamental Principle and Liquid RepellencyMechanism of SLIPS . . 83
7.4 Fabrication Strategies of SLIPS forAntifouling Applications ........ 86
7.5 Conclusions and Outlook.................................. 101
References.................................................. 101
CHAPTER 8
Superhydrophobic Surfaces for MedicalAntifouling .................... 105
8.1 Introduction............................................ 105
8.2 Fabrication Technologies ofSuperhydrophobic Textiles ............ 106
8.2.1 Bottom-Up Fabrication.............................. 106
8.2.2 Top-Down Fabrication............................... 112
8.3 Conclusions and Outlooks.................................. 115
References.................................................. 116
CHAPTER 9
Bioinspired Mechanical Bactericidal Surfaces........................ 119
9.1 Naturally Occurring NanostructuredBactericidal Surfaces ......... 119
9.2 Bactericidal Mechanism................................... 125
9.3 Artificial Mechanical Bactericidal Surfacesand Fabricating
Technologies ............................................129
9.4 Conclusions and Outlook.................................. 136
References.................................................. 137
CHAPTER 10
Bioinspired Medical Drug-Delivery Surfaces......................... 141
10.1 The Inspiration and Development ofDrug-Delivery Surfaces ....... 141
10.2 Types of Bioinspired Drug-Delivery MedicalSurfaces ............ 143
10.2.1 Bioinspired Hydrogels.............................. 143
10.2.2 Bioinspired Polymeric Carriers....................... 145
10.2.3 Bioinspired Nanostructures and Surfaces................ 146
10.2.4 Other Bioinspired Drug-Delivery Surfaces............... 146
References ..................................................149
Conclusion.................................................. 153
