Big Earth Data in support of the Sustainable Development Goals (2020) : The Belt and Road presents 44 case studies of "Big Earth Data Science Engineering Program" (CASEarth) on the development of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) indicators and sustainability assessments in six SDGs, including : SDG 2 (Zero Hunger); SDG 6 (Clean Water and Sanitation), SDG 11 (Sustainable Cities and Communities), SDG 13 (Climate Action), SDG 14 (Life below Water), and SDG 15 (Life on Land). These cases provides in-depth research and monitoring results of relevant SDG targets at national and local scales by means of data products, methods, and decision support, including 43 data products, 25 methodologies and 30 results that are of value to policy-making. These cases demonstrate China's exploration and practice of implementing the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development based on science, technology in monitoring and evaluating SDGs ; pioneer new ways to use advanced technologies such as big data and artificial intelligence to support the implementation of the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development under the framework of the UN Technology Facilitation Mechanism (TFM). This report also provide reference for another countries to strengthen the monitoring and evaluation of implementing the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development.