1 Introduction ................................................................................................................. 1
2 Theoretical Framework .............................................................................................. 5
2.1 Multi-scale Modeling of Synthetic Biology ........................................................... 9
2.2 Artificial Intelligence for Synthetic Biology ........................................................ 29
3 Enabling Technologies .............................................................................................. 51
3.1 DNA Sequencing, Synthesis and Assembly ......................................................... 53
3.2 Gene Editing ........................................................................................................ 73
3.3 Protein Design ...................................................................................................... 89
3.4 Genetic Circuits................................................................................................... 111
3.5 Chassis Cells ...................................................................................................... 129
3.6 Cell-free Biosystems .......................................................................................... 147
3.7 Artificial Multicellular Systems ......................................................................... 161
3.8 Organoid Engineering ........................................................................................ 185
3.9 Unnatural Amino Acids Encoding and Synthetic Biosystems ........................... 201
3.10 Biotic-abiotic Hybrid Systems ......................................................................... 217
3.11 Biofoundry ....................................................................................................... 231
3.12 Biopart Data and Information Platforms .......................................................... 249
4 Application Prospects ............................................................................................. 263
4.1 De Novo Synthesis of Single Cells .................................................................... 265
4.2 Industrial Applications ....................................................................................... 283
4.3 Medical Applications ......................................................................................... 287
4.4 Agricultural and Future Food Applications ........................................................ 292
4.5 Environmental Applications ............................................................................... 296
4.6 Bio-Information Convergence Technology and Extraterrestrial Biology .......... 298
5 Guarantee Capability and Governance Principles .............................................. 303
5.1 Construction of Guarantee Capability ................................................................ 305
5.2 Governance Principles ........................................................................................311
5.3 Summary ............................................................................................................ 316
Appendix: Glossary of Terms ...................................................................................... 317