The Homologous Biosystematics of the Umbilicariaceae (Ascomycota) in the World

Name: The Homologous Biosystematics of the Umbilicariaceae (Ascomycota) in the World
Brand: EDP Sciences & Science Press
SKU: 9782759834433
Price: 76.99 EUR
Availability: InStock
ISBN: 9782759834433

de Jiang-Chun Wei (auteur)

Collection : Current Natural Sciences

août 2024

eBook [PDF]

282 pages Téléchargement après achat

76,99 €

Référencer ce produit sur votre site

Présentation

Biosystematicsis the science of studying biodiversity and its relationships in nature. Itaims to divide the biodiversity into monophyletic taxa of different gradesbased on their relationships, such as species, genera, families, orders,classes, phyla, and kingdoms.

Homologousbiosystematics is to comb diverse organisms in nature into different classes ofmonophyletic taxa according to their homologous characteristics. The homologouscharacteristics are inherited from both the genotype and phenotype of the sameancestor, and they have been associated with divergent evolution. In this book,the author presents the result of a homology analysis of homologouscharacteristics in the specimens of the Umbilicariaceae from the world. Itcontains an introduction, biosystematics, and taxonomy, which contains 125 speciesrespectively belonging to the genera Lasallia and Umbilicaria including 34 newspecies with one new form and one new name. Each species has one or more colorphotographs attached. The references cited and index of scientific names fortaxa are also attached.

Sommaire

Preface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . V

CHAPTER 1

Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1

1.1 TheConcept of Lichens . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . 1

1.1.1 ALichen is a Self-Sustaining Ecosystem . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1

1.1.2Ecosystem is Communities of Organisms and Their Physical and ChemicalEnvironments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1

1.1.3Lichens are Stable and Extracellular Fungal-Algal Symbiotic System. . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1

1.1.4Lichens are Living in Unstable and Complex Ecosystems . . . . . 2

1.2 TheFormation of Lichen and Its Evolution from Sea to Land . . . . . . . 5

1.3 TheGeneral Concept of the Umbilicariaceae . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .7

1.3.1 TheUmbilicate Thallus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .8

1.3.2Apothecia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . 10

1.3.3 TheTrimorphism of Lichenized Fungus of Umbilicaria muhlenbergii . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11

1.3.4 TheRelationship Between the Umbilicariaceae and Human Health . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13

1.3.5 TheBiogeography of the Umbilicariaceae . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16

1.4 LichenDiversity and Its Biosystematics with Three Major Bioinformation Systems . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24

CHAPTER 2

TheBiosystematics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . 27

2.1 Key toMolecular Taxonomy – Principles and Methods (Qu and Chen, 1999) . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27

2.2Molecular Evidence for Common Descent of True Fungi (Fu and Wei, 2008) . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28

2.3 TheBiosystematics of the Umbilicariomycetidae . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30

2.3.1 TheHomologous Biosystematics of Umbilicariomycetidae . . . . . 35

CHAPTER 3

Taxonomy .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . 51

LiteraturesCited . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . 267

Acknowledgments. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . 271

Index ofScientific Names for Taxa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . 273

About theAuthor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . 275